CH 2 the molecules of life
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemistry | study of atoms and molecules |
| atoms | center called nucleus; contains particles have positive charge protons, no charge neutrons orbits around nucleus are negative charge electrons. |
| molecules | two or more atoms joined together |
| compounds | two or more different atoms joined together |
| ionic bonds | transfer of electrons followed by the joining of two atoms. |
| covalent bonds | sharing of electrons |
| hydrogen bonds | attraction between a slightly positive H in one molecule and a slightly negative atom in another molecule |
| chemical reaction | items joining w/ each other are called reactants written to the left of areo, products are made and written to right of areo. |
| exergonic | energy releasing |
| endergonic | requires energy |
| synthesis | joining of molecules |
| decompisition | breakdown of molecules |
| activation energy | energy required to start a reaction |
| enzymes | proteins that cause reactions to occur or speed up |
| substrate | compound that an enzyme acts upon |
| active site | spot where the substrate fits |
| solvent | substance that dissolves other things |
| solute | partical being dissolved |
| acid | compound that releases H+ |
| base | compound that joins with H+ |
| salt | ionic compound that does not contain H or OH |
| pH | logerythmic measure of the amount of H+ |
| buffer | compound that maintains a stable pH |
| carbon | can form four bonds and can be single, double, or triple. join to itself over and over to form long chains or rings. can have important pieces attached called functional groups |
| functional group of organic compound | can stick off the end or embeded in the middle. |
| 4 types of organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates | are sugars. main function is energy. TYPES; monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and disaccarides |
| lipids | are fats and oils. main function is energy, membrane, and hormones. TYPES; neutral lipid, phospholipid, and steroid |
| saturated | containing all single bonds between the carbons |
| unsaturated | containing double and triple bonds between carbons |
| proteins | are made of amino acids. main function is enzymes, fibers, receptors, and hormones. TYPE; primary, secondary, and tertiary |
| denaturation | distruption of a proteins 3-dimensional shape |
| necleic acids | are made of a base. main function is a ring w/ nitrogens attached to a sugar which is attached to one or more phosphates. TYPE; adenosine phosphate, DNA/RNA, and NAD/FAD |
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