AP gov courts test set 2
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Created by:
emilyhart58 on January 17, 2011
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 government charges individual with violating a statute | criminal law |
| disputes between individuals or between individuals and the government where no criminal violation is alleged; plaintiff often brings suit against a defendant seeking redress, often in monetary damages | civil law |
| american courts use this in deciding cases, where precedents guide decision making | stare decisis |
| 3 main types of courts | trial courts, courts of appeals, supreme courts |
| most all of us cases are heard in these type of courts | state courts |
| what are the 2 types of lower federal courts | district courts and appellate courts |
| how many district courts are in the 50 states | 89 |
| where are additional district courts found besides in the states | dc, puerto rico, 3 US territories |
| how are appellate courts organized | 12 geographical circuits, another for federal circuit. |
| review decisions of district courts and some fed. agency decisions | appellate courts |
| what is the supreme court presided over by | chief justice and 8 associate judges |
| current chief justice | john roberts |
| courts engage in fact finding and judgement of disputes after the fact | dispute resolution |
| courts provide clear signals as to how they may rule in a case | before the fact coordination |
| justices determine scope and content of legislative statutes and the constitution | rule interpretation |
| what court judges whether or not a president has exceeded his authority | supreme court |
| when parties have a substantial stake in the outcome of a case | standing |
| 3rd in status in the justice department, screens cases | solicitor general |
| assigned to justices to screen many cert petitions and play key roles in writing opinions | law clerks |
| when did the court expand | after WW2 |
| protection of citizens from improper governmental action | civil liberties |
| claims citizens are entitled to make on governmental protection | civil rights |
| court case in which supreme court established dual citizenship | barron vs baltimore |
| says people are citizens of nat gov and state gov separately and bill of rights does not apply to states | dual citizenship |
| basis of thomas jefferson's wall of separation | establishment clause |
| court case that determined the constitutionality of government interactions with religion | lemon vs kurtzman |
| guarantees citizens rights to believe and practice whatever religion | free exercise clause |
| citizens rights against unreasonable searches and seizures | 4th amendment |
| grand juries play a large role in fed criminal cases | 5th amendment |
| illegally found evidence may not be used in a trial | 4th amendment |
| individuals protected against double jeopardy | 5th amendment |
| allows people to not testify against themselves | 5th amendment |
| protects eminent domain clause | 5th amendment |
| ensures citizens have right to counsel in criminal trials | 6th amendment |
| prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines | 8th amendment |
| prohibits cruel and unusual punishment | 8th amendment |
| court case where supreme court said segregation was legal as long as it was equal | plessy vs ferguson |
| court case that overturned separate but equal | brown vs board of education |
| where do civil rights disputes center over now | affirmative action |
| a type of reverse discrimination | affirmative action |
| location of supremacy clause in constitution | article 6 |
| requires agencies to notify parties affected by proposed rules and allow them ample time to comment on such rules before they go into effect | 1946 administrative procedures act |
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