Med term chap 2 bolded
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126 terms
Cherokee | English |
|---|---|
| anatomical reference systems |  used to describe parts of the body |
| anatomy | structure |
| physiology | function |
| body planes | divides body into sections |
| vertical plane | up and down |
| sagittal plane | divides body into unequal left and right planes |
| midsagittal plane | divides body into equal left and right planes |
| frontal plane | divides body into anterior and posterior planes |
| horizontal plane | flat crosswise plane |
| transverse plane | divides body into superior and inferior regions |
| ventral | front side |
| dorsal | back side |
| anterior | in front of |
| posterior | back |
| superior | uppermost |
| inferior | lowermost |
| cephalic | toward the head |
| caudal | toward the lower part of the body |
| proximal | nearest the middle |
| distal | farthest from the middle |
| medial | direction toward the middle |
| lateral | away from the middle |
| two major body cavities | dorsal and ventral |
| dorsal cavity | back of body and head, contains nervous organs |
| cranial cavity | surrounds and protects brain |
| spinal cavity | within spinal column, protects spinal cord |
| the dorsal cavity is made up of the | spinal, cranial cavities |
| ventral cavity | front of body, homeostasis organs |
| homeostasis | constant internal environment |
| thoracic cavity | surrounds and protects the heart and lungs |
| abdominal cavity | contains organs of digestion |
| pelvic cavity | formed by hip bones, contains organs of reproduction and excretion |
| inguinal | relating to the groin lower area of abdomen |
| regions of the thorax and abdomen | divides the abdomen and lower portion of the thorax into 9 parts |
| hypochondriac regions | covered by the lower ribs |
| epigastric region | above the stomach |
| lumbar regions | near inward curve of spine |
| umbilical region | surrounds the navel |
| iliac regions | over hip bones |
| hypogastric region | below stomach |
| peritoneum | protects and holds the organs in place in the abdominal cavity |
| parietal peritoneum | lines interior of abdominal wall |
| visceral peritoneum | surrounds organs of the abdominal cavity |
| mesentery | attaches intestines to abdominal cavity |
| retroperitoneal | behind the peritoneum |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| cells | functional units of the body |
| cytology | study of cells |
| cell membrane | surrounds and protects the cell |
| cytoplasm | contents of cell, not nucleus |
| nucleus | controls cell |
| stem cells | unspecified cells able to renew for long periods |
| somatic cells | unspecialized cells |
| embryonic stem cells | unspecified, have the ability to form stem cells |
| gene | functional unit of inheritance |
| genetics | study of genes |
| dominant gene | always expressed |
| recessive gene | expressed if from both parents |
| genome | complete set of genetic info of an individual |
| chromosomes | genetic structures within the nucleus of each cell |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| genetic mutation | change of sequence of a DNA molecule |
| genetic disorder | absent or defective gene |
| cystic fibrosis | present at birth, effects respiratory and digestive |
| down syndrome | facial appearancem learning disabilities, physical abnormalities |
| hemophilia | missing clotting factor |
| huntington's disease | nerve degeneration |
| muscular dystrophy | weakness, muscle degeneration |
| phenylketonuria | phenylalanine is missing |
| tay-sachs disease | fat builds up in the brain |
| tissue | specialized cells that join together to perform a function |
| histology | study of tissues |
| epithelium | outer layer of skin |
| epithelial tissues | cover all external and internal surfaces of the body, form glands |
| endothelium | specialized epithelial, lines vessels, cavities, glands, organs |
| connective tissues | support and connect organs and tissues |
| dense connective tissue | bone and cartilage, joints and framework |
| adipose tissue | fat, padding, insulation, support |
| loose connective tissue | surrounds organs, supports nerves and vessels |
| liquid connective tissue | blood and lymph |
| muscle tissue | contracts and relaxes |
| nerve tissue | react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses |
| aplasia | change in the structure of cells, cancerous tumor formation |
| hypoplasia | deficiency of cells, incomplete development of organ or tissue |
| aplasia | absence of organ or tissue |
| dysplasia | abnormal growth of cells, tissues or organs |
| hyperplasia | enlargement because of increase in cells |
| hypertrophy | enlargement |
| glands | produce excretions |
| exocrine glands | out, ducts |
| endocrine glands | in, no ducts, into bloodstream |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenocarcinoma | malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
| adenoma | benign tumor, resembles glandular tissue |
| adenomalacia | abnormal softening of gland |
| adenosis | disease condition of gland |
| adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of gland |
| adenectomy | removal of gland |
| organ | independent part of body that performs a specific function |
| pathology | study of disease that involves change in structure and function |
| pathologist | confirms and establishes diagnosis |
| autopsy | postmortem examination |
| etiology | study of causes of disease |
| communicable disease | contagious |
| indirect contact transmission | person infected from contact with contaminated surface |
| bloodborne transmission | transmission through blood or body fluids |
| airborne transmission | transmission through droplets |
| food borne and water borne transmission | eating contaminated food or water |
| vector borne transmission | spread through bite of carrier |
| epidemiologist | specialist in the study of disease within population groups |
| endemic | ongoing presence of disease in a population |
| epidemic | sudden spread of disease in a population |
| pandemic | outbreak of disease over a large geographic area |
| functional disorder | cause of symptoms cannot be identified |
| iatrogenic disorder | negative response to treatment |
| idiopathic illness | illness with unknown cause |
| infectious disease | illness caused by pathogenic organisms |
| nosocomial infection | hospital acquired |
| organic disorder | symptoms caused by physical changes in the body |
| congenital disorders | exist at birth |
| developmental disorder | birth defect |
| anomaly | deviation from what is normal |
| atresia | absence of opening, failure of a structure to be tubular |
| prenatal influences | mother's health, behavior, medical care |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy |
| geriatrics | care of the aged |
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