AP Psych Unit 7
About this set
Created by:
paigepeplow on January 17, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Chapter 10
AP Psych
Cognition, Language, and Creativity
2010/2011
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cognition | mentally processing information. |
| concept | a generalized idea representing a class of related objects or events. |
| language | words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication. |
| synesthesia | experiencing one sense in terms normally associated with another sense; for example, "seeing" colors when a sound is heard. |
| concept formation | classifying things into meaningful categories. |
| positive instance | in concept learning, an object or event that belongs to the concept class. |
| negative instance | in concept learning, an object or event that does not belong to the concept class. |
| conceptual rule | a guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class. |
| relational concepts | how an object relates to something else, or how its features relate to one another. (ex. larger, above, left, north, etc.) |
| disjunctive concepts | a concept defined by at least one of the several possible features. (ex. a strike in baseball could be a swing & miss or a foul ball, etc.) |
| denotative meaning | exact definition. |
| connotative meaning | emotional or personal meaning. |
| semantics | the study of meanings in language. |
| phonemes | the basic speech sounds of a language. |
| morphemes | the smallest meaningful units in language, such as syllables or words. |
| syntax | rules for ordering words when forming sentences. |
| mechanical solution | a problem solution achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules. |
| algorithm | a learned set of rules that always leads to the correct solution. |
| heuristic | any strategy or technique that aids problem solving, especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried. |
| insight | a sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious. |
| functional fixedness | a rigidity in problem-solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects. |
| artificial intelligence | any artificial system (often a computer program) that is capable of human-like problem solving or intelligent responding. |
| inductive thought | going from specific facts to general principles. |
| deductive thought | going from general principles to specific facts. |
| convergent thought | thinking directed toward discovery of a single established correct answer; conventional thinking. |
| divergent thought | thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives; a major element in original or creative thought. |
| syllogism | a format for analyzing logical arguments. |
| intuition | quick, impulsive thought that does not make use of formal logic or clear reasoning. |
| representative heuristic | a tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match preexisting mental categories. |
| base rate | the basic rate at which an event occurs over time; the basic probability of an event. |
| framing | in thought, the terms in which a problem is states or the way that it is structured. |
| Noam Chomsky | linguist who believes that we don't learn all sentences that we will say, rather we actively create them by applying transformation rules to universal patterns. |
| mental set | a way of perceiving something or doing something. |
| linguistic relativity hypothesis (aka the Whorfian Hypothesis) | how we think and perceive relativity through how we use language (ex. gendered language, expert vs. novice). |
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