history chapter 5
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 calvary | soilderswho rode horses or camels, to make swift attacks |
| tribute | yearly payments to the emperor |
| couriers | riders |
| prophet | a person who others believe speaks or writes with divine |
| Zoroastrianism | belief in two gods |
| Cyrus | built the Persian Empire |
| Darius | a succesful organizer |
| Zarathustra | began the religion called Zaroastrianism |
| rajahs | princes |
| assassination | murder for a political reason |
| turning point | time of important change |
| missionaries | people who teach about their religion |
| arabic numerals | numbers 1-9 and zero |
| inoculation | giving a person some type of medicine help them not get a disease |
| Chandragupta Maurya | a harsh ruler who united India and formed the Maurya Empire |
| Ashoka | followed the teachings of Buddha |
| aryans | warriors and herders from eastern Europe and western Asia who came to India about 3,00 years ago |
| vedas | ancient books of sacred hindu writings |
| Hinduism | an Indian religion featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation |
| caste | a group within a social pyramid |
| Buddhism | an Asian religion based on the teachings of Siddartha and Gautama who became a buddha |
| Hindu Kush | trade route |
| Brahmans | Priests and scholars |
| Kshatriyas | rulers and warriors |
| Vaisyas | Farmers and merchants |
| Sudras | laborers, craftworkers, servants |
| Untouchables | did unpleasant jobs; picked up garbage, cleaned stables, and handled the dead |
| monsoon | the season when moist winds blowing from the Indian ocean toward the Indian subcontinent bring heavy rains |
| Indus and Ganges | the two great rivers of the Indian subcontinent |
| Himalayas | north of the Indian's subcontinent |
| Ganges | Indian's holiest river |
| Indus | the largest river in India |
| Indra | the god of thunderstorms |
| Subcontinent | A large area of land that is part of a continent but separated by geography (like a large mountain range). |
| Monsoon | The season when moist wind blowing from the Indian Ocean toward the Indian subcontinent bringing heavy rains. |
| Deforestation | The widespread cutting down of trees. Most of Northern India's forests have been cut down. |
| Ganges River | India's holiest river. |
| Mountains/High Elevations | Air is thinner and cooler here than at lower elevations. |
| Monsoon Season | Continuous rain for 4 months every year on the Indian subcontinent. |
| The Himalayas | These mountains form a natural barrier between the subcontinent and the rest of Asia. |
| The Punjab | The river plain that surrounds the Indus River. |
| Worlds Tallest Mountains | The Himalayas |
| Cotton and Sesame Seeds | What farmers planted just before the Monsoon Season. |
| Barley and Wheat | What farmers planter during the Winter. |
| Fortress | A building designed to protect a city or army. |
| Inscription | A written message. |
| Assimilate | To accept into the general population of another culture. |
| Why Aryans left Central Asia | Changes in the environment or an invasion may have been the cause. |
| Where Aryans came from: | Eastern Europe and Western Asia. |
| The Aryans | The earliest immigrants to India. These people changed the language and religion of India. Means "noble." |
| Sanskrit | The Aryan language which influenced the development of languages that continue to be spoken in India. |
| The Vedas | The Aryans' holiest book, written in Sanskrit, 4 books of sacred writings describe the Aryan religion. |
| 4 Castes | The Aryans divided their society into 4 classes or varna, these social classes led to India's caste system. |
| Buddha | Who spent his life spreading the message that people should seek LOVE, TRUTH, JOY OF KNOWLEDGE and A CALM MIND. |
| What Gautama saw when he left the palace | An old man, a sick man and a dead body. |
| Nirvana | What Buddhists search for, this is a feeling of happiness, peace and complete understanding. |
| Noble Eightfold Path | Buddhists follow these eight points in their search for Nirvana. |
| Hinduism | The Aryan religion developed into this, and it is one of the oldest religions still practiced today. Believers worship 3 main gods - Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer, and that people live many lives until they reach spiritual perfection. |
| Reincarnation | After a person dies, their soul lives on and returns to life in a new body. Those who lead good lives are reborn into higher social positions. |
| Untouchables | This caste was the lowest, below all other castes. These people did all of the unpleasant jobs like picking up garbage or cleaning stables. |
| Gautama | The son of an Indian prince, this man called himself Buddha or the "Enlightened One", tried to figure out how to end suffering. Became a begger. Buddhism was formed from his teachings. |
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