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acropolis the citadel in ancient Greek towns agora the marketplace in ancient Greece Egalitarian Society a society in which all persons of a given age-sex category have equal access to economic resources, power, and prestige. Feudal Society Refers to the social, political, military, and economic system that emerged; The exchange of land for goods and services. Regional prince or lord is dominant, and the highest virtues are trust and fidelity. Folk- Preliterate City City that keeps their traditions, and not modified by outside forces. Formative Era Period between 7000b.p and 5000b.p for both the development of states and urbanization Manufacturing City a city overrun with factories, supply facilities, the expansion of transport systems, and the consturction of tenements for a growing labor force. Mercantile City a city in which a central square became the focus of the city flanked by royal, religious, public, and private buildings: streets leading to such squares formed the beginnings of a downtown Modern City modern means of transportation and elaborate road construction have permitted the dispersal of urban population in a process that made suburbanization Preindustrial City city rarely larger than 100,000 people, urban areas were small, transportation was primitive, insecurity, poor sanitation, feudalism Primate City a city that ranks first in a nation in terms of population and economy Stratified Society People grouped according to economic or social class; characterized by the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige. Theocratic Center a network of ancient cities where rulers were deemed to have divine authority and were in effect god-kings Urban Banana a crescent shaped zome of early urbanization extending across Eurasia for England in the west to Japan. Urban Elite a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources, and sometimes the lives of others Urban-industrial City Fourth stage of city societies, a city that contains urban elements and industrial factories, the rise of capitalism, (Skyscrapers, more money ) Basic Sector work that results in exports and inflowing money Blockbusting Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area Central Business District (CBD) The downtown heart of a central city, the CBD is marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings. Central City the urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs Centrality strength of urban center to attract producers and consumers to it's facilities Central place theory A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther Economic base a community's main source of income Economic Reach the maximum distance people can be from a central place and still be attracted to it of buisiness purposes Edge cities clusters of large buildings away from the central business district Functional specialization production of particular goods or services as a dominant activity in a particular location Gated communities Restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests. Although predominantly high-income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle-class phenomenon. Hinterland a remote and undeveloped area megalopolis a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) Multiplier effect An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. Nonbasic Sector a sector in which workers are responsible for the functioning of the city itself Racial Steering real estate agents advising customers to purchase homes in neighborhoods depending on their race Rank-size rule In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. Redlining Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants Site the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located) Situation physical position in relation to the surroundings Suburb a residential district located on the outskirts of a city Sunbelt states in the south and southwest that have a warm climate and tend to be politically conservative Urban Geography the study of how people use space in cities Urban Hierarchy a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions Urban Realm spatial componenets of the modern metroplis, where each realm is a separate economic, social, and polititical entity that is linked together to form the larger metropolitian framework Agglomeration A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities. Disamenity sector The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords. Zoning dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc Deglomeration the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration Gentrification the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people) Greenbelt a belt of parks or rural land surrounding a town or city Informal economy economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's gross national product Microdistrict dominant square at center of city and wide, radiating avenues flanked by ugly apartment blocks. Remittances money migrant send back to family and friends in their home coutnries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer coutnries World City Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.