bio mid term part 1
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biology | the science that studies living organisms |
| multicellular | consisting of many cells |
| biological molecule | chemical compound that provides physical structure and brings about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions |
| gene | (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain |
| cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| cell division | process by which a cell divides forming two new cells |
| homeostasis | metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes |
| scientific method | observation, question, hypotheses, experiment, data collection, analysis and conclusion. |
| matter | that which has mass and occupies space |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| chemical bond | an electrical force linking atoms |
| activation energy | the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur |
| catalyst | (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected |
| hydrogen bond | a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| solute | the dissolved substance in a solution |
| solvent | a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
| acid | a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
| base | any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water |
| ph scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 |
| buffer | an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH |
| chemical reaction | (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others |
| asexual | a type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts |
| sexual | having or involving sex in plants. |
| organic compound | any compound of carbon and another element or a radical |
| polymer | a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers |
| condensation reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds |
| monomer | a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers |
| isomer | a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| lipids | biochemicals that do not dissolve in water (fats, oils, and waxes) make up cell membranes, store energy |
| polypeptide | a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids |
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