American History I Final Exam Review
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Created by:
KMartz on June 3, 2007
Subjects:
exam, american, final, review, history
Description:
Terms from the American History I Final Exam Review.
Classes:
American Studies, Covington Catholic, CLEP examination flashcards
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115 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Interest | an extra sum of money that borrowers have to repay creditors in return for the loan |
| Jay's Treaty | Treaty signed in 1794 between the US and bBritain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory. |
| loose construction | belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit |
| neutral | not taking sides in a conflict or dispute |
| strict construction | belief that the goavernment should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do |
| tariff | tax on foreign goods imported into a country |
| Battle of New Orleans | battle in 1815 between american and british troops for control of New Orleans, ending in an american victory |
| depression | a severe economic downturn marked by a decrease in business activity, widespread unemployment, and falling prices and wages |
| impressments | policy of forcing people into military or public service |
| Missouri Compromise | 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing slavery in future states to be created North of 36 30 N lattitude |
| Treaty of Ghent | agreement, signed in 1814, that ended the War of 1812 |
| amend | to revise |
| checks and balances | system in which each of the branches of the federal government can check the actions of the other branches |
| federal system of government | a system in which power is shared among state and national authorities |
| separation of power | the constitutional allotting of power within the federal government among the legislative, executive, a judicial branches |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Compromise at the Constitutional Convention calling for three-fifths of a states slave population to be countd for the purposes of legislative representation |
| veto | to prevent from becoming a law |
| popular sovereignty | policy of letting the people in a territory decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
| Fugitive Slave Act | part of the compromise of 1850, a law ordering all citizens of the US to assist in the return of of escapeed slaves |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854 law that called for the creation of these two new territories, and stated that the citizens in each territory should decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
| Upper South | designation used in the civil war encompassing the staes of virginia, north carolina, tennessee, arkansas |
| Confederate States of American | association of seven seceding southern states, formed in 1861 |
| prejudice | an unreasonable, usually unfavorale opinion of another group |
| nativism | a policy of favoring native-born americans over immigrants |
| secessionist | person who wanted the south to secede |
| Compromise of 1850 | agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories |
| Border states | in the civil war the states between the north and the south: delaware, mayland, kentucky, and missouri |
| annex | to join or attach, as in the joining of a new territoy to an existing country |
| republican virtues | virtues the american people would need to govern themselves, such as self-reliance, industry, frugality, harmony, and the ability to sacrifice individual needs for the communtiy |
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| contraband | items seized from the enemy during wartime |
| greenbacks | name given to the national paper |
| Emancipation Proclamation | a presendential decree, by President Lincoln, effective Jan. 1, 1863, that freed slaves in Conferderate held territory |
| writ of habeas corpus | legal protection requiring that a court determine whether a person is lawfully imprisioned |
| anti-Federalist | opponents of the Constitution: opposed the concept of a strong central government |
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the constituion |
| faction | group organized around a common interest and concerned only with furthering that interest |
| Federalist | supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government |
| ratify | approve or sanction |
| John C. Calhoun | Senator of South Carolina that declared that the south would not give up its liberty to save the union |
| Robert E. Lee | general of confederate forces during the civil war |
| John Brown | An abolitionist that led the attack on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia |
| Jefferson Davis | elected president of the confederate states of america; from mississippi |
| Stephen Douglas | senator of illinios who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 |
| Henry Clay | He proposed to congress the compromise of 1850; the senator of kentucky |
| Abraham Lincoln | He opposed slavery on moral grounds in debates with Stephen Douglas; a republican; became 16th president of the US |
| Charles Sumner | Senator of Massachusetts who gave a powerful antislavery speech entitled ''The Crime Against Kansas'' in congress |
| John C. Fremont | He helped to defeat the Mexican army in california |
| William Henry Seward | republican antislavery leader during the 1860s; acquired Alaska in 1867 as Secretary of State |
| Roger Taney | chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional |
| REPEAT | REPEAT |
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| Great Plains | vast grassland between the mississippi river and the rocky mountains |
| Texas War for Independence | successful revolt by texans against mexican rule in 1835-1836 |
| Battle of the Alamo | capture by mexican troops of a texas held mission in san antonio in 1836 |
| nomads | people who move their homes regulary usually in serach of available food sources |
| presidios | fort built in southwest by spanish |
| pass | a low place in a mountain range that allowes travelers to cross over the other side |
| manifest destiny | argrument that it was the undeniable fate of the US to expand across North America |
| cede | to surrender officailly or unformaly |
| mountain men | an american fur trader who explored the rocky mountains and regions farther west in the early 1800s |
| trans-Appalachia | area west of the appalacian mountans |
| REPEAT | REPEAT |
| Gadsden Purchase | 1853 purchase by the US of southwestern lands from mexico |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | treaty signed in 1848 by the Us and Mexico, ending the mexico war |
| REPEAT | REPEAT |
| agenda | list of items to accomplish |
| bureaucracy | departments that make up a large organization, such as the government |
| embargo | a ban or restriction on trade |
| Louisiana Purchase | Purchase by the US of the Louisiana territoy form France in 1803 |
| Lewis and Clark expedition | journey by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark through the Louisiana territory from 1804-1806 |
| constitution | a written plan of government |
| executive branch | the part of the government that executes, or carries out laws |
| judicial branch | the part of the government that decides if laws have been broken |
| legislative branch | the part of a government that makes the laws |
| republic | government run by the people through their elected representatives |
| specie | gold or silver coin |
| McCulloch vs. Maryland | "Bank of the US Case" A Maryland law required federally chartered banks to use only a specail paper to print money, which amounted to a tax. McCulloh, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to use the paper, claiming that states could not tax the federal government. The court declared the Maryland Law unconstitutional. |
| Dartmouth College vs. Woodward | get |
| Gibboins vs. Ogden | This case examined the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. |
| Monroe Doctrine | policy of president James Monroe stating that the US would consider any European interference in the nations of the Americas as an unfriendly act |
| Indian Removal Act | 1830 Law calling for the president to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for Land taken from them in the East. |
| Trail of Tears | forced march of 15,000 Cherokee from their homes in the southeast to western reservations from 1837 to 1838 |
| spoils system | patronage system under president Andrew Jackson |
| Tariff of 1828 | A high tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing Southerners to pay higher prices on manufactured goods; called the "Tariff of Abominations" by south |
| secede | formally withdraw from a political organization; southern states seceded from the US to form the confederacy in late 1860 and early 1861 |
| abolitionist movement | Movement to end slavery |
| emancipation | the freeing of enslaved people |
| Underground Railroad | network of people who helped fugitives from slaverey excape into the north and canada |
| gag rule | rule passed in 1836 by southern representatives in congress that prevented antislavery petitions form being considered by the house for eight years |
| REPEAT | REPEAT |
| REPEAT | REPEAT |
| Lower South | states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina |
| REPEAT | REPEAT |
| Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War |
| transcendentalism | intellectual and philosophical movement of the mid-1800s esserting that the nature of reality can be learned only by intuition rather than through experience |
| temperance movement | campaign against alcohol consumption; began as part of the middle-class reform movements of the 1800s |
| segregate | Forced separation, often times by race |
| abstinence | refraining from some activity, such as drinking |
| utopian community | small societies whose members seek perfect social and political conditions |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government |
| nullification | a states refusal to recognize or uphold a federal law |
| XYZ affair | incident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues |
| Virginia and Kentucky resolution | Resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional |
| administration | a presidents term in office, or the group of officials that makes up the executive branch, including the president |
| Cabinet | heads of the major departments of the US governement who advise the President |
| domestic affairs | Issues relating to a country's internal matters |
| inauguration | official swearing-in ceremony |
| precedent | custom arising from previous practice rather than a written law |
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