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why is the nervous system compared to air mail and the endocrine to pony express? the nervous system uses rapid electric messages the endocrine system uses the blood to travel *what is a hormone? a chemical substance liberated into the blood, which alters "target cells" metabolism in a specific manner. *Chemically, hormones belong to two what groups? steriods, and amino acid based molecules what do all hormones have in common? chemical molecules, target cells, travel through the blood, effective in minute quantities *what is a target organ? organ responding to a particular hormone in a specific way .*ocation of thyroid gland? throat *location of adrenal gland near kidney *location of the pancreas close to stomach and small intestine *location of testis scrotum *location of parathyroids? ride horseback on the thyroid gland *location of ovaries? female pelvic cavity *location of thymus? upper thorax, overlying the heart *pineal body location? roof of the third ventricle inadequite production of PTH will cause? tetany inadequite production of ADH will cause? excessive diuresis without high blood glucose levels inadequite production of insulin will cause? loss of glucose in urine inadequite production of growth hormone will cause? abnormally small stature, normal proportions inadequite production of thyoxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid hormone will cause? lethargy, sluggish mentally and physically, hair loss, low metabolic rate overproduction of growth hormone will cause? large facial bones, hands, feet in the adult overproduction of T3/T4 (thyriod hormone) will cause? bulging eyeballs, nervousness, increased pulse rate, sweating overproduction of PTH will cause? deminerazation of bones, spontonaous fractures parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce what hormone? calcitonin follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid produce what hormone? T4/T3 beta cells of the pancreatic isolates produce what hormone? insulin alpha cells of the pancreatic isolates produce what hormone? glucagon basophil cells of the interior pituitary produce what hormone? TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH zona fasculata cells produce what hormone? glucocorticoids zoma glomerulosa cells produce what hormone? mineralocorticoids cheif cells produce what hormone? PTH acidophil cells of the anterior pituitary produce what hormone? GH, prolactin *programs T lymphocytes thymosin, in the thymus *regulates blood calcuim levels calcitonin in the parathyroid glands, and, PTH in the thyroid *released in response to stress cortosone in the adrenal cortex, and, epinephine in the adrenal medulla *drive development of secondary sexual characteristics estrogens in the ovaries, and, testosterone in the testies *regulate the function of another endocrine gland ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH in the anterior pituitary *mimicks the sympathetic nervous system epinephrine in the adrenal medulla *regulates blood glucose levels; produced by the same "mixed" gland glucagon and insulin in the pancreas *directly responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries *mainenance of salt and water balance in extracellular fluid ADH in the hypothalamus and aldosterone in the adrenal cortex *directly involved in milk production and ejection oxytocin in the hypothalamus and prolactin in the anterior pituitary gland How does the hypothalumus control the pituitary? it produces releasing and inhibiting hormones which control the production and release of anterior pitutary hormones; forms hormones ADH and oxytocin, which are transported to the posterior pituitary and later released on nervous stimulation from the hypothalumus.