History 7-4
About this set
Created by:
Liviluv on January 19, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Section 4 - please edit if I left out anything!!
Classes:
HIES 8th 2011, History Pals Thornton, Thornton- 8th Grade History
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Thomas Malthus | British economist; published "An Essay on the Principle of Population" and concluded that poverty was unavoidable b/c population was increasing faster than the food supply. He also said that the only "checks" on population growth was nature's war, disease, and famine. |
| Adam Smith | Main proponent of Laissez-faire and author of "The Wealth of Nations" which asserted that unregulated exchange of goods and services would come to help everyone, not just the rich b/c the goods would be more affordable. |
| David Ricardo | A British laissez-faire economist; wrote "Iron Law of Wages" and pointed out that wage increases were futile b/c increases would only cover the cost of necessities. When wages were high, families often had more children instead of raising their current family. Agreed with Malthus, opposed government help with the poor, thought the government should only limit families and that families should improve their lives through hard work. |
| Utilitarianism | Idea that the goal of society should be: "The greatest happiness for the greatest number of its citizens." |
| Jeremy Bentham | VERY much believed in utilitarianism; supported individual freedom; said, "Do the laws or actions provide more pleasure and happiness than pain?" |
| John Stuart Mill | Believed in individual freedom; wanted the government to step in to improve the lives of the poor working class; called for giving voting rights to WORKERS AND WOMEN |
| Socialism | System in which the people as a whole, rather than private individuals, own all property and operate all businesses |
| Means of Production | Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods |
| Robert Owen | Believed in "Utopia" and set up a "Model community" in New Lanark, Scotland to put his ideas to practice; He refused to use child labor |
| Karl Marx | A German philosopher; invented "scientific socialism" - was based on a scientific study of history and worked with *FRIEDRICH ENGELS*! Marx and Engels wrote "The Communist Manifesto" (1848) which was a struggle between social classes that would be lead to a classless society where all means of production would be owned by the community (communism!) |
| Communism | System in which government, led by a small elite, controlled all economic and political life |
| Proletariat | Working class |
| "The Communist Manifesto" | Written by Marx and Engels Said economics was the driving force in history and in the struggles between the "HAVES" and "HAVE-NOTS (or working class)" the HAVE-NOTS would take over and make all things "equal" (communism!) |
| Social Democracy | A political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrown system |
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