421.Test1DrugsPt2
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ultra-short-acting | humalog |
| ultra-short-acting | novolog |
| ultra-short-acting | Apidra |
| rapid acting (Regular) | Humulin R |
| rapid acting (Regular) | Novolin R |
| Intermediate acting | Humulin N |
| Intermediate acting | Novolin N |
| slow acting | insulin glargine (Lantus) |
| slow acting | Insulin detemir (Levemir) |
| Pramlintide (Symlin) | analog of amylin, which slows gastric emptying, reduces glucagon secretion, and decreases appetite/caloric intake. Treats DM 1 or 2. Take with mealtime insulin. |
| metformin | biguanide/anti-hyperglycemic. 1st line therapy for type 2 DM.Decreases gluconeogenesis & glucose absorption. Increases glucose utilization & insulin activity in muscle & fat |
| tolbutamide, tolazamide | 1st gen sulfonureas, shorter DOA than 2nd gen. Treats hyperglycemia in type 2 DM |
| glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride | 2nd gen sulfonureas. PO for type 2 DM hyperglycemia. Inhibits ATP-sensitive K channel to increase insulin release & tissue responsiveness. Decreases gluconeogenesis in liver. Can cause hypoglycemia |
| repaglinide, nateglinide | meglitinides that block K channels in beta cells, but only if glucose levels are high. Faster onset, Shorter DOA than sulfonureas. Can cause hypoglycemia. |
| pioglitazone, rosiglitazone | thiazolinediones that activate PPAR-gamma, which regulates transcription of many genes that insulin does. Enhances insulin effects on target tissues. For type 2 DM hyperglycemia. Doesn't cause hypoglycemia. |
| Exenetide, liraglutide | incretin mimetics (analogs of GLP-1) that slow gastric emptying and increases insulin secretion. Increases beta-cell sensitivity to glucose. For use in type 2 DM |
| sitagliptin, saxagliptin | inhibit DPP-4 enzymes which degrade incretins. More incretins present means slower gastric emptying & increased insulin secretion |
| Bromocriptine mesylate | dopamine receptor agonist that reduces HbA1c & blood glucose leves by an unknown mechanism. Take PO for type 2 DM |
| colsevalam | bile acid sequestrant lowers blood glucose by an unknown mechanism. Type 2 treatment |
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