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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Boils | Painful, hot, red, pustules on the skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus. They may occur singly or in groups called folliculitus, or clusters called carbuncles. |
| Cellulitis | A bacterial infection caused by streptococci, leading to painful inflammation of the skin. Often seen in lower leg. |
| Tinea | lesions caused by fungi called dermatophytes. Typically named by location. |
| Tinea | Ringworm, jock itch, athlete's foot. |
| Herpes Simplex | A viral infection resulting in painful blisters on a red base that develop around the mouth, genitals, or other areas. |
| Herpes Simplex | Often preceded by a prodromic stage: 2 or 3 days of tingling, itching, or pain. Then blisters appear gathered around a red base. The blisters gradually crust and disappear, usually within 2 weeks. |
| Impetigo | A bacterial infection of the skin (staph or streptococcal) usually seen in infants and young children. |
| Impetigo | Sores that scab with a yellow-brown crust are the most common sign, but other forms involve large blisters or ulcers. |
| scabies/mites | leave itchy trails or nodules where they burrow under the skin. |
| head lice | nits are small, rice-shaped flecks that cling strongly to hair shafts. |
| body lice | live primarily in clothing and only visit the host for blood meals. |
| pubic lice | tiny parasites known as crabs, infest pubic and coarse body hair. |
| HPV | a group of over 100 pathogens that are associated with several types of human warts. Also associated with cervical cancer in females. |
| verruca vulgaris | common warts, look like hard cauliflower-shaped lumps |
| acne rosacea | chronic inflammatory condition involving facial skin, eyes, and eyelids. |
| occurs in stages of severity, starting with occasional flushing, continuing through general inflammation of the face and eyes, formation of papules and pustules, and finally permanent thickening and distortion of facial skin, especially around the nose. Often but incorrectly associated with alcoholism. | acne rosacea |
| acne vulgaris | a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a bacterial infection and characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum. Common in adolescence. |
| eczema | non-contagious skin rash, characterized by itchy scaly patches and brought about by a hypersensitivity reaction. |
| contact dermatitis | a delayed type of allergic reaction of the skin resulting from skin contact with a specific allergen (such as poison ivy) |
| hives | an inflammatory skin reaction to a variety of triggers. a.k.a. urticaria |
| small red spots to large wheals, which are warm to the touch, and itchy | hives |
| psoriasis | a non-contagious, chronic skin disease involving the excessive production of new skin cells that pile up into isolated or connected lesions. |
| The most common variety looks like pink, or reddish patches sometimes with a silvery scale on top. Often found on elbows and knees but can develop anywhere. | psoriasis |
| basal cell carcinoma | By far the most common form of skin cancer. |
| squamous cell carcinoma | usually found on the external skin but occasionally develops in mucous membranes too. Common on ears, hands, and lower lips, but can grow inside the mouth often as a response to pipe smoking or chewing tobacco. |
| malignant melanoma | leading cause of death among skin diseases. Accounts for 72% of skin cancer deaths. |
| First-degree burn | Burn to the top layer of skin. It is the least severe of all burns. Signs include redness or mild discoloration, pain, and mild swelling. |
| Second-degree burn | Damage includes all layers of the epidermis and possibly some of the dermis too. Symptoms include redness, blisters, edema and pain. Often leave a permanent scar. |
| Third-degree burn | Least painful of all burns due to destruction of nerve endings. |
| decubitus ulcers | stem from inadequate blood flow to the skin that stretches over bony or otherwise prominent areas. |
| aka. bedsores, pressure sores, and trophic ulcers | decubitus ulcers |
| scar tissue | new skin or connective tissue that grows after an injury, infection, or surgery. Lacks pigment, hair follicles and sweat glands. |
| actinic keratosis | some authorities describe it as a cancer that develops in the deepest layers of the epidermis, while others maintain that it is a precancerous condition. |
| actinic cheilitis | an agressive form of actinic keratosis lesions that appear on the lips. |
| leukoplakia | white patches on the tongue or inside the cheek |
| candida albicans | yeast (fungal) infection that can occur in the GI tract, vagina, or mouth (thrush). |
| bed bugs | reddish brown insect measuring 3-6 mm long that feed on human blood and turn purple after feeding. Have a painless bite |
| pityriasis rosea | "Herald patch" initial solitary lesion and then weeks later get a fine cigarette paper scale with papules in christmas tree pattern on back. Mini-epidemics in young adults |
| lichen planus | shiny purple, white-topped polygonal papules commonly seen on wrists, ankles, trunk and oral lesions. Rough, scaly and severely itchy. |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | classic butterfly rash (redness on nose and cheeks) in acute stage. Subacute stage resembles psoriasis. |
| scleroderma | a chronic autoimmune disorder involving damage to small blood vessels. Leads to abnormal accumulations of collagen in the skin and other tissues. |
| Outward signs include edema followed by hardening and thickening of the skin, usually of the hands and face | scleroderma |
| neoplasms | non-malignant, pre-malignant, malignant |
| skin tags | soft, round, peduncular, brown papules often see on the neck and axilla. Common in elderly, pregnant and obese. a.k.a. acrochordons |
| actinic keratosis | horny, wart-like lesion commonly seen on face and trunk. Occur on sunlight exposed skin (ear, nose, scalp) |
| Lentigines | flat pigmented spot on skin. a.k.a. liver spots. Malignant lentigines are dark and large and grow slowly. |
| nevi (moles) | vary in size and shape. Brown or black due to presence of melanocytes. Flat or raised with well defined borders. |
| Mongolian spots | light blue/grey or grey/green macule caused by selective pigmentation. Commonly seen on the buttocks and sacral areas of Asians and blacks. |
| Strawberry hemangioma | bright red, raised and rounded. Enlarge with the growth of infant. Disappear around age 5-7. |
| Port Wine hemangioma | flat reddish-purple patch commonly seen on face and neck. Do not disappear. |
| Prickly Heat (heat rash) | pruritic condition characterized by tiny vesicles on neck, trunk, back, folds of skin. |
| Diaper rash | erythematous rash occurs from bi-products of urine breakdown. Can lead to secondary (yeast) infection. |
| Malignant lentigines | small, light brown mottled patches. Raised and wart like as they become malignant. a.k.a. Hutchinson's freckles |
| Senile angiomas (cherry spots) | small, ruby red-purplish round vascular lesion, slightly raised. Commonly seen on trunk and chest |
| Telangiectases | dilated capillaries commonly seen around the nose and sun exposed areas. |
| Venous Lakes | flat, smooth, bluish blood vessels commonly seen at the back of heads, lips and ears. |
| Epidemiology | study of factors, events and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious diseases among humans. |
| Incidence | number of new cases within a defined population. |
| Prevalence | total number of active cases at any given time. |
| Endemic | incidence and prevalence are relatively stable in a given population. |
| Epidemic | sudden increase in incidence, above endemic rates. |
| Pandemic | spread of disease beyond continental boundaries. |
| Host | any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism. |
| Infection | presence and multiplication of a living organism on or in a host. |
| Commensalism | host provides food and shelter but not adversely affected. |
| Mutualism | both host and microorganism benefit. |
| Parasitism | only the organism benefits, host sick. |
| Virulence | ability of a pathogen to cause disease. |
| Sepsis | microbial toxins in the blood. |
| Portals of Entry | 1. Penetration 2. Direct contact 3. Ingestion 4. Inhalation |
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