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accelerando getting faster accent emphasis on a note alla breve cut time arpeggio broken chord tones sounded after each other a tempo return to previous tempo beat unit of length in musical time cadence music punctuation cantabile in a singing style chord three or more tones in harmony chromatic using all 12 steps of the octave common time quadruple meter compound meter beats divided in three con amore with love con fuoco with fire con passione with passion concert band band with 40 to 80 members consonance pleasant sounding contrast feeds our love of change crescendo gradually getting louder cut time duple meter da capo return to begining of piece decrescendo gradually growing softer diatonic seven tones of a scale diminuendo growing softer dissonance unpleasant sounding doice sweetly down beat first beat of a measure duple meter two beats per measure duration length of time something lasts dynamics element of musical expression embouchure placement of face while playing ensemble musical performing groups espressivo expressively flat sign indicates lowering pitch by half step form organizing principle in music forte loud fortissimo very loud genre category of music gioioso joyous grace note ornamental note half step smallest interval harmony combination of notes in chords instrument mechanism that makes music interval distance between two pitches key defines relationship of tones key signature sharps of flates that show the key of the music legato smooth maestoso majestic major scale seven pitches in a specific pattern march military music marching band ensemble for sports and parades measure rhythmic grouping melody main tune meno less meter organization of rhythm in time mezzo forte moderately loud mezzo piano moderatly soft minor scale seven pitches in a pattern misterioso mysteriously moderato moderate modulation changing from one key to another molto very movement part of a larger piece of music non troppo not to much octave do to do offbeat weak beat orchestration setting instrumentsin different combinations ostinato short melody repeated throughout a song overature an introductory movement phrase musical unit pianissimo very soft piano soft pitch sound of a tone poco a little polyrhythm use of several rhythmic patterns and meters polytonality use of many keys presto very fast quadruple meter four beats per measure range distance between highest and lowest tones register specific area in a range repeat sign repeat area of a song repetition provides unity to a form rhythm controlled movement of music in time rubato borrowed time scale series of tones sforzando a sudden stress on a note or chord sharp sign raise tone but half note simple meter beats subdivided into two staccato short style manner of presentation of musical elements syncopation change of pulse by changing accent to an offbeat tempo pace of music timbre sound that distinguishes one voice from another tone sound of pitch tonality organization around a home pitch tonic first note in a scale tonic chord built on first note triad common chord with three pitches triplet group of three notes with equal length volume degree of loudness whole step interval consisting of two half steps wind ensemble concert band