Criminology Midterm (Fill Ins)
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 criminologists | are devoted to the design and collection of valid and reliable data that address the causes of crime patterns and trends |
| interdisciplinary science | criminologists are interdisciplinary scientists |
| utilitarianism | Beccaria; people choose when to act when, after weighing the costs and benefits, they believe that their actions will bring them an increase in pleasure and reduction in pain |
| criminology | has two main elements, first is the belief that human behavior is a function of forces beyond a person's control, second is the use of scientific method to conduct research |
| phrenologists | study the shape of the skull and bumps on the head to determine whether these physical attributes were linked to criminal behavior |
| anomie | norm and role confusion |
| social ecology | Park and Burgess were urban sociologists who pioneered research on the _____________ of the city |
| Edwin Sutherland | suggested that people learn criminal attitudes from older, more experienced law violators |
| socialization | the interactions people have with the various individuals, organizations, institutions, and process of society |
| natural law theory | The consensus view of crime links illegal behavior to the concept of ______________. |
| conflict view | crime is a political concept designed to protect the power and position of the upper classes at the expenses of the poor |
| interactionalist view | traces crime's antecedents to the symbolic interaction school of society |
| 3 strikes law | the policy of giving individuals convicted of three violent offenses a mandatory life term without parole |
| classical crime | rooted in the classical school of criminology developed by Cesare Beccaria |
| utilitarianism | the philosophy which emphasizes that behavior occurs when the actor considers it useful, purposeful and reasonable |
| general deterrence | indicates that crime rates are influenced and controlled by the threat of punishment |
| crackdowns | sudden changes in police activity designed to increase the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment |
| informal sanctions | occur when significant others, such as parents, peers, neighbors, and teachers direct their disapproval, stigma, anger and indignation toward the offender |
| libertarianism | the philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished |
| control theory | the view of crime causation that some individuals are unable to control their urges and passions |
| diabetes | a condition that occurs when glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning |
| testosterone | the principal male hormone |
| oideups complex | during the phallic stage a male begins to have sexual feelings for his mother |
| schizophrenic | individuals who suffer complex behavior delusions involving wrongdoing or persecution |
| Eros | the most basic human drive present at birth; the instinct to preserve and create life |
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