atom unit
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 a neutral atom always has the same number of ____ and _____ | protons and electrons |
| the atomic number of Oxygen is 8 and its atomics weight is 16. therefore, an oxygen atom contains ? protons, ? neutrons, and ? electrons | 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons |
| protons and neutrons are made of even smaller particles called ___ these tiny particles are held by strong, invisible forces called ___ | quarks, gluons |
| the atomic particle with the negative charge is the ___. they are found orbiting the nucleus in one or more of the 7 ____ | electrons, energy levels |
| what two pieces of information does the atomic number give you | the protons and electrons |
| if there are 2 electrons in the 1st energy level, 8 more in the 2nd energy level, and 5 more in the 3rd energy level, what element is being described | phosphorous |
| how do Fermilab scientists use indirect observations to learn about the parts of the atom | using collisions and models |
| the names of the electron energy levels are | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
| what part of the atom weighs the most? | nucleus |
| if there are only 3 electrons in the 3rd energy level, what element is being described | aluminum |
| the atomic particle with the nucleus charge is the ___. these particles are found in the ___ with the ___. the particles are sometimes emitted from the atom's nucleus and cause ___. | neutron, nucleus, protons, radioactivity |
| the first energy level holds a maximum of __ electrons. the second energy will hold a maximum of __ electrons. the third energy holds __ electrons. the fourth energy holds __ electrons. the fifth energy holds __ electrons. the sixth energy holds __ electrons. the seventh energy holds __ electrons | 2,8,18,32,32,18,8,2 |
| what does the atomic weight (sometimes called atomic mass) of an atom measure | measures how much the nucleus weighs |
| explain what the electrons circling the nucleus look like when we see them through our most powerful microscopes | it looks like a cloud of whirling electrons |
| most of the atom, just like outer space is | empty |
| the following information came from a box representing an element on the periodic table of elements. write the correct descriptor beside each piece of information | 79-atomic number 196.967-atomic mass Au-atomic symbol Gold-name of element |
| compare and contrast alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in the following ways: | composition: alpha has two protons and two neutrons beta are fast moving electrons gamma is pure energy speed/behavior: alpha is slow & thick beta is quick & thin gamma is pure energy charge: alpha is a positive charge beta is a negative charge gamma is a neutral charge |
| put the following in historical order beginning with the oldest event (1 is the oldest event & 10 is the most recent event) | 1)strong public belief in earth, air, fire, & water 2)idea of the atom is brought up 3)idea of the atom is lost for 2500 years 4)idea about the atom rediscovered and revised 5)radioactivity discovered 6)radiums secrets are understood 7)nucleus is discovered 8)E=mc2 9)first nucleus chain reaction 10)Fermilab discovered the top quarks |
| __ and __ weigh 1AMU while __ weigh 1/1835 | protons,neutrons;electrons |
| the atomic particle with the positive charge is the __. these protons are found in the __ | proton;nucleus |
| if there are 7 electrons in the 3rd energy level, what element is being described | chlorine |
| 1st energy level | 2 electrons; sublevel:s ;2 electrons in sublevels |
| 2nd energy level | 8 electrons; sublevels:s p; 2 6 electrons in sublevels |
| 3rd energy level | 18 electrons;sublevels:s p d; 2 6 10 electrons in sublevels |
| 4th energy level | 32 electrons; sublevels: s p d f; 2 6 10 14 electrons in sublevels |
| 5th energy level | 18 electrons; sublevels: s p d; 2 6 10 electrons in sublevels |
| 6th energy level | 8 electrons; sublevels: s p; 2 6 electrons in sublevels |
| 7th energy level | 2 electrons; sublevels: s; 2 electrons in sublevels |
| ernest rutherford | discovered the nucleus |
| J J thomson | discovered the electrons |
| democritus | discovered the atom |
| marie and pierre curie | discovered radioactivity |
| john dalton | revived democritus' ideas about the atom |
| henri bequerel | discovered radioactivity by accident |
| aristotle | greek philosopher who taught that there were only four elements in the earth. he said they were earth, air, fire, and water. because of his position as a teacher, people believed him and not Democritus |
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