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Allusion reference to other novels or events Simile relating two unlike objects using like or as Metonymy when one thing is represented by another that is commonly and often physically associated with it Hyperbole exaggeration for the sake of emphasis Pathetic Fallacy a term in which nature emphasizes with human emotions Paradox a statement that seems self-contradictory or nonsensical on the surface and upon close examination reveals an underlying truth Symbol something that stands for or suggests something larger or more complex, often an idea or range of ideas and practices Personification giving human attributes to an inaminate object, abstract idea, physical force, or nonhuman organism Metaphor comparing two unlike things Motif recurrent imagery that represents a theme Oxymoron a figure of speech that juxtaposes two opposite or apparently contradictory words to present an emphatic or dramatic contradiction for a rhetorical purpose or effect Synecdoche a part representing a whole