Skeletal System
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Created by:
mandyjma on January 22, 2011
Subjects:
general anatomy and physiology
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 functions of bones | support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) |
| long bones | Ex. femur, humerus |
| short bones | Ex. wrist, ankle |
| Flat bones | Ex. skull |
| Irregular bones | Ex. Vertebra |
| compact bone | the external layer of bones |
| spongy bone | the internal layer of bones |
| diaphysis | long shaft of the bone |
| medullary cavity | inside the diaphysis which houses the bone marrow |
| episysis | ends of the bone |
| periosteum | outer most covering, makes the bone shiny |
| endosteum | lines the medullary cavity |
| yellow marrow | In adults, the medullary cavity contains fat, AKA _______. |
| Red marrow | As infants, all marrow is ______. |
| Red blood cells | In adults, yellow marrow can revert to red marrow if a person needs _____. |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| osteoclasts | bone-destroying cells |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| periosteum and endosteum | the osteoblasts & osteoclasts are found in the _______ and ______. |
| osteons | circular structures |
| simple | Bone fracture that doesn't penetrate the skin, bone is broken into 2 pieces |
| compound | Bone fracture that DOES penetrate the skin, usually bone becomes infected and requires heavy antibiotics |
| comminuted | Bone fracture in which bone fragments into many pieces (usually happens in brittle bones) |
| depressed | Bone fracture in which broken bone portion is pressed inwards (skull) |
| impacted | Bone fracture in which broken ends are forded into each other (shoulder, hip) |
| spiral | Bone fracture in which twisting force applied to bone (common sports injury) |
| greenstick | Bone fracture that is an incomplete break (common in children) |
| 8-12 weeks | Normally, healing of fractures takes ____. (longer in elderly) |
| Fracture Hematoma | 1st stage of fracture healing - broken vessels form a blood clot |
| Granulation Tissue | 2nd stage of fracture healing - fibrous tissue formed by fibroblasts and infiltrated by capillaries |
| Callus formation | 3rd stage of fracture healing - soft callus of fibrocartilage replaced by hand callus of bine in 6 weeks |
| Remodeling | 4th stage of fracture healing - occurs over next 6 month as spongy bone is replaced w/ compact bone |
| 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae | the spine includes ______, ______, _______ |
| 7 true, 5 false, 2 floating, 12 total on each side | the ribs include ____, ____, ____, _______ |
| osteoporosis | depletion of the bone, commonly found in elderly, bone becomes more porous & less compact |
| rickets | due to a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, usually found in children, most visible sign is bowed legs |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature of the spine, commonly found in young girls, unknown cause, can be treated w/ surgery or various braces |
| kyphosis | hunchback, curvature of spine in bent over position, commonly found in women w/ OSTEOPOROSIS |
| lordosis | swayback, curvature of the spine where the hips protrude forward, commonly found in pregnant women / men with potbellies, can be permanent/temporary |
| arthritis | many types, usually involves degeneration of bone, 5° of severity (each indicating 20 yrs), can be crippled & very painful |
| osteoarthritis | most common of all types (50% of all cases), degenerative joint disease, sometimes due to aging or from cartilage destruction, treated w/ drugs (Vioxx & Celebrex) |
| rheumatoid arthritis | common in men/women 40-50, joing stiffness & tenderness, occurs bilaterally, synovial joint swelling |
| arthrology | the study of joints |
| kinesesiology | the study of musculoskeletal movement |
| diarthrosis | freely movable joints |
| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable joints |
| synarthrosis | little or no movement of joints |
| fibrous | bone ends/parts are united by collagen fibers |
| cartilaginous | bone ends are united by cartilage |
| synovial | bone ends are covered w/ articular cartilage, and lined w/ synovial fluid |
| suture | [Fibrous joints] between the bones in the skull (immobile) |
| gomphosis | [Fibrous joints] teeth (immobile) |
| syndesmosis | [Fibrous joints] between radius/ulna, connected by tendon or ligament and CT (slightly mobile) |
| synchondroses | [Cartilaginous joints] connect ribs to sternum (immobile) |
| symphysis | [Cartilaginous joints] vertebrae (slightly mobile) |
| plane | [Synovial joints] between carpals & tarsals (gliding movements) |
| hinge | [Synovial joints] knee, elbow, humerus, ulna |
| pivot joints | [Synovial joints] first bone rotated on its longitudinal axis relative to the other (raius, ulna) |
| condyloid | [Synovial joints] knuckles, hands, fingers |
| ball and socket | [Synovial joints] shoulder, hip |
| saddle | [Synovial joints] thumb |
| dislocation | bones are forced out of their normal positions at a joint |
| bursitis | inflammation of bursasac (usually from falling directly on elbow/knee) |
| tendonitis | inflammation of tendon sheath, usually caused by overuse |
| achondroplastic dwarfism | short stature, but normal sized head & trunk (long bones of limbs stop growing in childhood but other bones unaffected) result of spontaneous mutation |
| pituitary dwarfism | has lack of growth hormone (short stature w/ normal proportions) |
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