Anthropology
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Created by:
Mark_Thompson Teacher on January 23, 2011
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Personality | The complex patterns and ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that make up personality are the product of both enculturation and genetic identity. |
| Culture | Is a dynamic system of values, beliefs, and ideas that both inform our practices and perceptions of the world |
| Anthropology | is the study of humanity. From Greek meaning man (anthros) and (logia) discource or study. First used in 1501 by Magnus Hundt. |
| Culture | The shared ideals, values, and beliefs that people use to interpret experience and generate behaviour and that are reflected by their behaviour. |
| Culture Shock | The shock, confusion and insecurity that many people feel when living in an unfamiliar culture. |
| Society | Is a group of people who live in the same region, speak the same language and are interdependant. |
| Social Structure | The relationships of groups within a society that hold it together. |
| Sulo Culture | A goup of people within a larger society who have distinctive standards and patterns of behavior. |
| Pluralistic Societies | Societies that contain several distinct cultures and subcultures. |
| Ethnicity | A group of people who take their identity from a common place of origin, history and sense of belonging. |
| Ethnic Boundary | Markers: Those indicators or characteristics, such as dress and language that identify individuals as belonging to a particular ethnic group. |
| Patriarchel Society | Is where woman are subordinate and males dominate property, chilren and women. |
| Matrilineality | Is a system where lineage is traced thru mother and maternal ancestors. |
| Patrilineal | Is a system where lineage is traced thru man and his ancestors. |
| Enculturation | Is the process whereby culture is transmitted from one generation to the next. To fulfill our biological needs like food, sleep, shelter, sex, safety, etc. Enculturation allows us to "fit in" to our society and culture. |
| Integration | The tendency for all aspects of a culture. To function as an interrelated whole. |
| Popular Culture | Is the culture of our everyday lives. ie: food, dance, games, music, etc. |
| Microculture | A group of people who share common interests and/or experiences and from which they take thier identity. |
| Cultural Pluralism | Is a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities and there values and practices are accepted by the wider culture. |
| Ethnography | Is a research strategy also known as a field study. |
| Missionism | ... |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief that ones own culture is superior to all others. |
| Cultura relativism | The thesis tht one must suspend judgement on other people's practices to understand them in their own cultural terms. |
| Cultural Imperialism | Is the promotion of one cultures values, customs and beliefs over all others. |
| Human Rights | A set of guidelines for the equal treatment of all people, regardless of gender, age, or ethnicity. |
| Anthropology | The study of human kind in all times and places. |
| Anthropolgists | Seek to produce realiable knowledge about people and their behaviour. |
| Language | A system of communication using sounds or gestures put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules. |
| Symbols | Sounds or gestures that stand for meanins among a group of people. |
| Signal | A sound or gesture that has a natural or self evident meaning |
| Linguistics | The modern scientific study of all aspects of language. |
| Phonetics | The study of the production, transmission and reception of speech sounds. |
| Phonemes | In linguistics, the smallest classes of sound that makes a differance in meaning. |
| Morphemes | In linguistics, the smallest units of sound that carry meaning. |
| Bound Morpheme | A sound that can occur in a language only in combination with other sounds, as s in english does to signify the plural. |
| Free Morphemes | Morphemes that can occur unattached in a language; for example, dog and cat are free morphemes in english. |
| Syntax | In linguistics, the rules or principals of phrase and sentence making. |
| Frame Subsitiution | A method used to identify the syntactic units of language. For example a category called "nouns" may be established as anything that will fit the susubstitution frame "I see a....." |
| Grammer | The entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about the morphemes and syntax. |
| Form Classes | The parts of speech or catagories of words that work the sam eway in a sentence. |
| Kinesics | A system of notating and analyzing postures, facial expressions and body motions that convey messages. |
| conventional Gestures | Body movements that have to be learned and can vary cross culturally. |
| Touch | A form of body language involving physical contact. |
| Proxemics | The study of the cultural use of space. |
| Paralanguage | The extralinguistic noises that accompany language, such as crying or laughing. |
| Voice Qualities | In paralanguage, the background characteristics of a speakers voice. |
| Vocalizations | Identifiable paralinguistic noises turned on an doff at percievable and relatively short intervals. |
| Vocal Characterizer | In paralanguage, sound productions such as laughing or crying that humans speak through. |
| Vocal Qualifiers | In paralanguage, sound productions of brief duration that modify ulterances in terms of intensity. |
| Vocal Segregates | In paralanguage, sound procutions that are similiar to the sounds of language but do not appear in sequences that can be properly called words. |
| Language Family | A group of languages ultimately descended from a single ancestral language. |
| Linguistic Divergence | The development of different languages from a single ancestral language. |
| Glottochronology | In linguistics, a method of dating divergence in branches of language families. |
| Care Vocabulary | In language, pronouns, lower numerals, and names for body parts and natural objects. |
| Linguistic Nationalism | The attempt by ethnic minorities and even countries to proclaim independence by purging their languages of foreign terms or reviving unused languages. |
| Ethnolinguistics | The study of the relation between language and culture. |
| Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | The hypothesis proposed by linguist B.L. Whorf, that states that language, providing habitual grooves of expression, predisposes people to see the world in a certain way and thus guides their thinking and behaviour. |
| Dialects | Varying forms of a language that reflects particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible. |
| Sociolinguistics | The study of the structure and use of language as it relates to its social setting. |
| Pidgin | A language that combines ans simplifies elements (vocabulary, syntax and grammar) of two or more languages. |
| Creole | A more complex pidgin language that has become the mother tongue of a significant population. |
| Code Switching | The process of changing from one level of language to another. |
| Displacement | The ability to refer to objects and events removed in time and space. |
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