BIOL 1612: 16, Endocrine System--Set 2
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Infundibulum | the funnel-shaped stalk that connects the gland to the hypothalamus |
| Two major lobes of the pituitary | Posterior pituitary and Anterior pituitary |
| Neurohypophysis | region made up of posterior lobe and infundibulum |
| Hormones of posterior pituitary | Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin (made by hypothalamic neurons) |
| adenohypophysis | Anterior pituitary |
| Hormones of Anterior pituitary | Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL) |
| GH | Growth Hormone MAJOR TARGETS: bones and skeletal muscles |
| TSH | Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone AKA thyrotropin Stimulates the normal development and secretory activity of thyroid |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone AKA corticotrophin Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating Hormone AKA gonadotropin Stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone AKA gonadotropin Promotes production of gonadal hormones |
| PRL | Prolactin In humans, stimulates milk production by the breasts |
| ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone Influences body water balance, helping avoid dehydration and water overload |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle, particularly of the uterus and breasts |
| TH | Thyroid Hormone the body's major metabolic hormone |
| Calcitonin | Produced by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland Lowers blood Ca2+ levels (directly antagonizes parathyroid hormone) |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone Single most important hormone controlling the calcium balance of the blood |
| PTH increases Ca2+ levels in blood by stimulating these three target organs | Skeleton, Kidneys, Intestine |
| Adrenal Glands, composed of | Inner adrenal medulla and Outer adrenal cortex |
| Adrenal Cortex arranged in three layers or zones | Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis |
| Mineralocorticoids | Regulates [electrolyte, aka mineral salt] in extracellular fluids, espesh K+ and Na+ (the single most abundant cation) |
| Zona glomerulosa | outer •Arranged in clusters •Produce mineralocorticoids |
| Zona fasciculata | middle •Arranged in parallel cords •Produce metabolic hormones called glucocorticoids |
| Zona reticularis | inner •Net-like arrangement •Produce small amounts of adrenal sex hormones, or gonadocorticoids |
| Aldosterone | Maintains Na+ balance by reducing its excretion from the body |
| Glucocorticoids | Influence energy metabolism of most body cells and help us resist stressors |
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