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DNA A large, complex molecule that carries or contains information to run a cell. Electron Microscope A microscope that is similar in purpose to a light microscope, but achieves much greater magnification by using a parallel beam of electrons to scan the object. Cell The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. Prokaryotic Cell The most primitive cell. Lacks organelles and a nucleus. DNA is free-floating in cytoplasm. Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic Cell A more modern type of cell. Contains a nucleus and organelles. DNA is organized into chromosomes. Cell Theory One of the basic principles of biology. All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of function and structure in all living things. Cells can only come from other cells. Cell Membrane The outer boundary of the cytoplasm which controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. Made of lipid layers. Cytoplasm Gelatin like material (think Jello®) found within a cell membrane. Some cell functions occur here. Cell parts float in it. Organelle A specialized part of the cell (mini organs) that helps to organize cell functions. Floats in cytoplasm. Only found in eukaryotic cells. Nucleus A part of the cell (in a eukaryotic cell) containing DNA and RNA responsible for growth and reproduction. Mitochondrion An organelle that breaks down sugars for energy. Cell Wall A semi-rigid, permeable structure that envelopes most plant cells. Made of cellulose. Chloroplast An organelle found in plant cells which uses sunlight, water, and CO2 to make sugar (photosynthesis).