Science Midterm
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Created by:
emurphzz19 on January 24, 2011
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99 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Energy | something that allows work to be accomplished |
| ion | an atom with a charge: negative and positive |
| family/group | tells how many valence electrons; vertical |
| period | horizontal row in the periodic table |
| scientific method | 1. state a problem 2. gather information 3. develop a hypothesis 4. create a valid experiment 5. understand your data 6. make a conclusion based on your data |
| why do scientists use the scientific method | best way to eliminate bias/opinion; correction of error |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| covalent bond | bonds where you share valence electrons |
| balance | grams |
| graduated cylinder | liter |
| meter stick | meters |
| themometer | celsius and Fahrenheit |
| compound | a pure chemical substance that has 2 or more chemical elements which can be broken down by chemical reactions |
| The Law of Conservation of Energy | 1st Law: energy cant be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another 2nd Law: as energy is transformed it becomes less useful to the system |
| Energy Efficiency | using less energy to provide the same quality of energy the talley of how efficient and how much the same energy stays converting from one form to another |
| renewable resource and an examples | it can be regenerated in a human lifetime, re-used, approx: 50 year span. wood, waste, geothermal, sun, biofuel, wind & water |
| non-renewable resource and an example | it cant be regenerated in a human lifetime. coal, oil, natural gases |
| an example of nonrenewable and renewable resource | batteries |
| atom | a tiny part of any object |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| hypothesis | if then because format. its a predicting statement concluding what you think will happen |
| independent variable | the factor that is intentionally changed in the experiment |
| dependent variable | the factor that is affected by the independent variable |
| nucleus | contains protons and neutrons; its the center of nucleus |
| protons | positive charged atoms |
| neutrons | neutrally charged atoms |
| electrons | negative charged atoms |
| atomic number | number of protons **the number of protons and electrons are the same |
| atomic weight | the protons and neutrons |
| constant | any variables that is not changed during an experiment |
| variable | any part of the experiment |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion electrical, radiant, thermal & heat, motion, sound, mechanical |
| potential energy | stored energy but not moving chemical, stored mechanical, nuclear, & gravitational |
| electirical | flow of electrons |
| radiant | solar energy |
| thermal/heat | temperature |
| motion | things that move/are moving |
| sound | noise/sound waves |
| mechanical | opened clip, stretched out rubber band. built up energy |
| chemical | energy stored in bonds |
| stored mechanical | open clip, stretched out rubber band. already in it |
| nuclear | energy stored in radio active substances |
| gravitational | energy in things being held up, shelf |
| power plants | generating electricity |
| three actions in power plants | people are working, fuel is burned, transmissions of electricity |
| three materials that make power plants run | people to work, fuel (coal wood natural gas oil waste) money |
| input of power plants | what goes into the process (energy source) |
| output of power plants | what you get in return (electricity) |
| common renewable traits | they are natural and can be stocked and refreshed |
| common non renewable traits | cannot be found in natural environments |
| most used resource in the world | oil |
| 2nd most used resource in the world | coal |
| 3rd most used resource in the world | natural gas |
| what country uses the most energy | usa; uses a quarter of it |
| solar energy/the sun | the energy we rely on comes mainly from the sun |
| energy helps us do things on earth: | kinetic energy makes us do work, electronic energy, bio-fuels, solar panels, plants and veggies, hydroelectricity-->water, wind |
| turbine | where mechanical energy is made from the energy of the steam. the steam strikes the blades of the turbine and spins them revolving the turbine shaft |
| water | heated in the boiler tubes to make steam |
| electricity | produced by the rotor as it revolves in the stator and is then collected at a predetermined voltage and frequency |
| efficiency equation | output/input x 100 |
| circuit | any unbroken loop of electrical components that forms a continuous conducting path...means to go around |
| charge | moves through the wires, and makes the compass deflect |
| conventaional | agreement & assumption of an answer that isnt wrong nor right |
| conductor | allows flow through wires |
| insulator | prevents flow through wires |
| conductor examples; common traits | metal paper clip, penny, ring; metals |
| insulator examples; common traits | colored paper clip, cup, graphite; non metals |
| filament | type of conductor in a lightbulb, /\/\/\/\ |
| supports | type of conductor in a lightbulb, | | |
| round bulb | threaded section, black ring, tip, glass, filament, supports |
| glass bulb | insulator, not lit |
| threaded section | conductor, lit |
| black ring | insulator, not lit |
| tip | insulator, not lit |
| when bulbs are lit... | battery is charging |
| battery become charged when you... | connect the light and wires to the battery |
| materials for a bulb to light | battery, outlet, wire, all parts of the lightbulb |
| electricity | positive charge that produces electric vibes |
| small gaps | prevent lighting, could be anywhere in the circuits, usually air, an insulator |
| the battery determines the direction of flow of charge in a circuit | false |
| second round bulb | both bulbs dim |
| third round bulb | all bulbs get dimmer |
| bulb filaments and movement of charge in a circuit | bulb filaments slow down electric flow...bulbs are resistors |
| starbursts | indicate bulb brightness |
| arrow tails | represent flow rate |
| resistor | one that allows charge to flow through easily has low resistance; one that works against the flow of charge has high resistance |
| ohms | electrical resistance is measured in this |
| flow rate | tells you how much charge passes through a point on a wire during each second but doesn't provide any information about the speed |
| parallel bulbs | three bulbs, two in a row, third one across from the second. a & b in line, c across from b |
| parallel bulbs brightness | if the bulb c stays lit then the other bulbs will go out or be very dim because c holds all the power |
| resistors in series | more in series --> acts like a single longer resistor --> makes flow harder |
| resistors in parallel | more in parallel --> acts like single wider resistor --> makes flow easier |
| coil of wire | when a coil of wire is added to our circuit the bulb brightness stays the same. has 0 resistance |
| resistance from lowest to highest | connecting wire round bulb filament long bulb filament |
| brighter | bigger flow rate |
| when bulb c is added the brightness of a | increased |
| when bulb c was added the compaass needle deflection | increased |
| when bulb c was added the charge flow through the battery | remained the same |
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