5 Written Questions

1. Trisomy 21-down's syndrome - 47 instead of 46 chrom
   Turner's 45XO
   KleinFelter's 47 XXY
2. abnormal increase in RBC's
3. released from bone marrow - travel to thymus
   thymic hormones activate TCR-T cell receptor genes
   maturation - equip with 10 to the 4-5 identical antigen receptors
   -go through "thymus university" self/non-self recognition tests- if they fail they are destroyed
   -migrate to lymphoid tissue (spleen, peyer's patch, nodes, tonsils, veriform appendix, blood circulation)
4. RBC's last 90-120 days,
   carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
5. -generally recessive and expressed in hemizygous male
   -Duchenne muscular dystrophy (boy's weak walk)
   -hemophilia A - factor VIII deficiency-can't clot

5 Matching Questions

1. DNA methylation
2. platelets
3. Lymphocytes
4. thrombocytopenia
5. kupfer cells

1. a -mark coding and non-coding portions
   -can be altered by mutations, environmental factors, may influence growth, cancer and aging
2. b smaller than monocyte but similiar in appearance
   -adaptive immunity
   -Tcells-secrete interleukins and interferons (IFN)
   -Bcells-secrete antibodies
   -NK-natural killer cells(granular)-act more like innate immunity cell-can stimulate apoptosis without need for anitgen recognition
3. c platelet deficiency
4. d make clots
   thrombi
   thrombocytes
5. e in liver sinusoidal caps

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. cells
   -not in plasma
   -serum=plasma - w/out clotting factors
   1. platelets
   2. kupfer cells
   3. cerumen
   4. formed elements
2. pathology at time of birth
   1. leukemia
   2. Homeostasis
   3. anemia
   4. congenital
3. major histocompatibility complex
   class I-on cells to recognize self
   class II- on APC to present antigens
   1. skin
   2. IL-1
   3. mucus
   4. MHC
4. important activating signal to T-helper cell
   endogenous pyrogen - stimulates fever
   1. MHC
   2. TNF
   3. IL-1
   4. IL-2
5. in lymphoid tissue
   1. T-cells
   2. langerhans cell
   3. plasma cell
   4. dendritic cells

5 True/False Questions

1. inflammation 5 factors → (S.H.A.R.P.)
   swelling
   heat
   altered function
   redness
   pain

   True        False

2. Unstable nucleotide repeats → Fragile X syndrome-is caused by a change in the FMR1 gene.

   True        False

3. plasma cell → make clots
   thrombi
   thrombocytes

   True        False

4. basophils → -contain histamine and heparin
   ??mast cell debate, are mast cells basophils in the tissues?

   True        False

5. red bone marrow containing bones → demonstrates difference between innate and adaptive divisions of defense cells

   True        False