Chemistry Vocab
About this set
Created by:
BEK1995 on January 25, 2011
Subjects:
olm, chemistry, ms. barker, chemistry vocab
Classes:
OLM class of 2013!!, The Posse
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Physical Properties | color, odor, melting point, conductivity, solublity, hardness, boiling point, density, malleability => DON'T CHANGE the sample |
| Chemical Properties | flammability, reactivity => DO CHANGE the sample |
| Solids | have definity shape and volume, ordered, low energy (particles aren't moving around much) |
| liquids | have definite volume but not shape, less ordered, more energy, if something is aqueous (aq) it is dissolved in water |
| gases | no definite shape or volume, total disorder, highest energy (lots of particle movement) |
| Elements | can't be separated, made of 1 kind of atom (like O2) |
| Compounds | can be separated chemically, made of 2+ kinds of atoms (like H20) |
| Mixtures | can be separated PHYSICALLY by evaporating, sifting, magnetism, filtering, etc. |
| Nucleus of an atom | made of protons (+) and neutrons (ø), most of atom's mass is here, # of protons determines what each element is |
| Cation | a POSTIVE ion, has lost electrons, smaller radius |
| Anion | a NEGATIVE ion, has gained electrons, larger radius |
| isotopes | less common forms of an element, have SAME # of protons but DIFFERENT # of neutrons, have a different mass |
| Electronegativity | ATTRACTION for electrons |
| ionization | energy required to PULL AN ELECTRON AWAY from an atom |
| Metals | LOW electronegativity and ionization, good conductors, shiny and malleable |
| transition metals | produce colors when reacted |
| nonmetals | HIGH electronegativity and ionization energy, poor conductors, brittle and dull |
| matalloids | B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te => on "steps" of periodic table |
| Hydrogen bonds | only with FON => florine, oxygen, nitrogen |
| Polar Bonds | DIFFERENT ELEMENTS |
| Nonpolar Bonds | SAME ELEMENTS |
| Coordinate Covalent Bond | one atom donates BOTH electrons in a bond (ex. CO) |
| High melting/boiling point | strong attractive forces between atoms/molecules |
| Low melting/boiling point | weak attractive forces between atoms/molecules |
| Covalent Bond | between two nonmetals, electrons are shared |
| Ionic Bond | between metal and nonmetal, nonmetal "steals" electrons from the metal |
| Bonded Atoms have | less potential energy than the elements alone |
| Metallic Bonds | the nucleus is surrounded by a "sea" of electrons |
| diatomic molecules | a molecule that MUST contain two identical atoms when alone: O₂H₂N₂F₂Cl₂Br₂I₂ |
| Rutherford | gold foil experiment: atoms are mostly empty space, positive in the middle, negative aroung the outside |
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