Ch.8,- Solids, Liquids, and Gases
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Created by:
rpocratsky on January 25, 2011
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, and plasma; state of a sample of matter depends on the temperature |
| kinetic theory of matter | the idea that tiny particles in constant motion make up all matter; also explains the changes of state |
| crystals | In most solids, the arrangements of particles in repeating geometric patterns |
| amorphous solid | "having no form"; appear to be solids, but are not made of crystals |
| plasma | a gaslike mixture of positively and negatively charged particles; matter heated at high temperatures begin to collide violently. Then particles break up into the smaller particles they are made of- electrically charged particles. Ex- the sun, lights |
| thermal expansion | A characteristic of almost all matter that causes it to expand when heated and contract when cooled |
| polluted water | Water that contains high levels of unwanted substances that may be harmful to living things. |
| thermal pollution | when electrical generating plants or industries release large amounts of heated water into rivers; excess heat in water |
| evaporation | the process where a liquid changes to a gas gradually at temperatures below the boiling point. |
| condensation | the process where a gas changes to a liquid Ex- a soft drink sweating |
| heat of fusion | the amount of energy needed to change a solid to a liquid state; explained by the kinetic theory of matter |
| heat of vaporization | the amount of energy needed to change a liquid to a gas |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit of area P=F/A - Pressure= Force divided by Area |
| pascal (Pa) | SI unit of pressure |
| Boyle's Law | if you decrease the volume of a container of gas, the pressure of the gas will increase, provided the temperature doesn't change |
| Charles's Law | the volume of a gas increases with the increasing temperature, provided the pressure doesn't change |
| buoyant force- buoyancy | the force is the ability of a fluid-liquid or gas- to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it. (float) |
| Archimedes' Principle | the buoyant force of an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object Ex- steel boat vs. block of wood |
| Pascal's Principle | pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid Ex- toothpaste |
| Bernoulli's Principle | as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases Ex- Coca Cola bottles |
| Venturi Effect | Fluids flow faster through narrow spaces. As a result the speed increase, the pressure of the fluid drops. This reduction in pressure in these spaces is a special case of Bernoulli's principle Ex- baseball |
| sublimation | when a solid goes to a gas |
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