1.
Acids: proton donors because they can release hydrogen ions. Have a sour or tart taste.
2.
Anions: negative charged ions
3.
Atom: the building block of an element, or the smallest particle that still retains its special properties
4.
Atomic mass number: any atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus
5.
Atomic number: each element is given a number. Equal to the number of protons its atoms contain
6.
Atomic symbol: one or two letter chemical shorthand of an element
7.
Bases: proton acceptors typically contain the hydroxide ion. Have a bitter taste and slippery feel
8.
Buffers: help stabilize pH
9.
Carbohydrates: include sugars and starches, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
10.
Cation: positively charged ions
11.
Chemical energy: stored in the bonds of chemical substances. When the bonds are broken, the potential storeed energy is unleashed and becomes kinetic energy.
12.
chemical reaction: occurs when new substances are formed
13.
Chemical reactions: occur whenever atoms combine with or dissociate from other atoms
14.
Combustion reaction: heat is released
15.
Compound: when two or more different atoms bind together to form a molecule
16.
Compound: two or more elements which have been chemically combined
17.
covalent bonds: molecules in which atoms share electrons
18.
decomposition reactions: occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller ,molecules, atoms, or ions AB→A+B
19.
Dehydration synthesis: when two simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction
20.
Disaccharides: double sugars formed when two simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction as dehydration synthesis
21.
Electrical energy: results from the movement of charged particles
22.
Electrolyte: a substance that conducts an electrical current while in solution
23.
Electron shells/energy levels: electrons occupy generally fixed regions of space around the nucleus
24.
Electrons: negative charge
25.
Elements: unique substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical methods
26.
Energy: is massless and does not take up space. It can only be measured by its effects on matter.
27.
exchange reactions: involve both synthesis and decomposition reactions: bonds are both made and broken. A switch is made between molecules and a new molecule is formed AB+C→AC+B and AB+CD→AD+CB
28.
Half-life: how long it takes half of the material to break down through radiation
29.
high heat capacity: absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before its temperature changes appreciably
30.
hydrogen bonds: extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron-hungry atom, and the hydrogen atom forms a "bridge" between them
31.
Hydrolosis: as watter is added the bond is broken
32.
inorganic compounds: lack carbon and tend to be small simple molecules
33.
ionic bonds: form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another
34.
ions: charged particles
35.
Isotopes: same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons they contain
36.
Kinetic energy: energy is actually doing work
37.
Lipids: large diverse group of organic compounds
38.
Matter: the stuff of the universe. Anything that occupies space and has mass.
39.
Mechanical energy: is directly involved in moving matter. Riding a bicycle the legs provide mechanical energy that moves the pedals
40.
metallic bond: occurs between metals due to attraction of metals surrounded by a sea of electrons.
41.
Mixture: two or more substances physically combined
42.
Molecules: two or more atoms combine chemically
43.
Monosaccharide: one sugar, simple sugars
44.
Neutron: uncharged or neutral
45.
Orbital model: modern model of atomic structure. Proved to be more useful in predicting the chemical behavior of atoms
46.
organic compounds: carbon-containing compounds
47.
Planetary model: portrays the atom as a miniature solar system in which the protons and neutrons are clustered at the center of the atom in the atomic nucleus
48.
Polysaccharides: long branding chains of linked single sugars
49.
Potential energy: inactive or stored energy
50.
Product: new substance(s) formed during a chemical reaction
51.
Protons: positive charge
52.
Radiant energy: travels in waves, the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum. Includes x-rays, infrared, visible light, radio, and ultraviolent waves.
53.
Radioactivity: spontaneous atomic decay
54.
Radioisotopes: heavier isotopes of certain atoms are unstable and tend to decompose to become more stable
55.
Reactant: substance(s) that go through a chemical process (reaction)
56.
Salt: ionic compound forms from cation of base and anion of acid
57.
Salts: ionic compound that separates into charged particles (not hydrogen and hydroxide) when dissolved in water
58.
Solute: being dissolved
59.
Solution: homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase (solid,liquid,gas)
60.
Solvent: thing that makes it come together
61.
solvent: a liquid or gas in which smaller amounts of other substances called solutes can be dissolved or suspended
62.
synthesis reactions: occur when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule A+B→AB
63.
Triglycerides: neutral fats are composed of two types of building blocks, fatty acids and glycerol
64.
Valence shell: atoms outermost shell
65.
Water: most abundant inorganic compound in body.
66.
water: the most abundant inorganic compound in the body
67.
Water acids bases salts: inorganic compounds
