Public Health
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bfaske6492 on January 25, 2011
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Notecards for Quiz 1
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | Bases- Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine Function to store genetic material |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | Bases- Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine Three Different Varieties--Transfer, Messenger, Ribosomal |
| rRNA | Makes up 60% of ribosomes |
| mRNA | Record information from DNA and carry it to ribosomes |
| tRNA | Delivers amino acids to proteins at the ribosome to extend the chain |
| Transcription | the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template |
| translation | the forming of a polypeptide |
| Ribosomes | 1.) made of proteins and rRNA 2.) each has a small and large subunit 3.) each has three binding sites for tRNA on its surface |
| Ribosomes | 1.) each has one binding site for mRNA 2.) facilitates codon and anticodon bonding 3.) components of ribosomes are made in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm |
| 4 RNA nucleotides | ------------are arranged 20 different ways to make 20 different amino acids |
| triplets | Nucleotide bases exist in ------- |
| Triplets of bases | ------are the smallest units that can code for an a.a. |
| 64 | possible amino acid codes |
| codons | mRNA base triplets are---- |
| codon AUG | 1.) codes for amino acid methionine 2.) functions as a start codon 3.) starts translation |
| cytoplasm | gel like substance found in a cell |
| chloroplasts | a green structure in a plant |
| cell wall | a stiff covering that protects plant cells |
| nucleus | control center of the cell function: to hold the DNA |
| chromosomes | provides direction for cell to follow |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transportation network, "internal delivery system" |
| mitchondrion | produces energy in the cell |
| vacuole | cell storage sac for food, waste, water |
| cell membrane | surrounds cell material |
| diffusion | movement of gases from higher concentrations to lower concentrations |
| passive transport | materials do not need energy to move from higher concentratio to lower to a lower concentration |
| active transport | materials need energy to move from a higher concentration to lower concentration |
| osmosis | water moving from higher concentration to a lower concentration |
| nucleolus | dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes |
| Rough ER | has ribosomes attached to it function: to help make proteins |
| Smooth ER | No ribosomes function: to make fats or lipids |
| Golgi Complex | "The shippers" function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell appearance: stack of pancakes |
| Lysosomes | appearance: circular but bigger than ribosomes "clean up crews" function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells |
| mitochondria | "The Powerhouse" Function: Energy formation, breaks down food to make ATP |
| ATP | the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy |
| Purine, pyrimidine, deoxyribose, and phosphate | contained in DNA |
| Chargaff's | published data that shows %A=%T and %C = %G |
| Rosalind Franklin | took pictures of DNA in London that showed some sort of helix |
| Watson and Crick | published a model showing the double helix, and also suggested that Chargaff's rule was due to base-pairing |
| antiparallel | two chains of DNA face in opposite directions |
| DNA Polymerase | First enzyme isolated by Kornberg |
| DNA Helicase | unwinds DNA in front of opening replication fork It uses ATP, makes single-stranded cut, allows one strand to swivel freely around the other |
| Single Stranded DNA binding protein | bind to separated DNA strands, prevent from base-pairing back together |
| RNA primase | DNA polymerase III cannot start a growing chain from scratch; needs a short primer to add to |
| DNA polymerase | adds new nucleotides at free 3' ends of growing chain, uses base-pairing rules to insert complementary nucleotides |
| DNA ligase | seals any gaps where adjacent nucleotides on one strand have not been covalently joined |
| Leading strand | can make one long, continuous piece of DNA |
| Lagging strand | must grow away from unwinding |
| Okazaki fragments | DNA fragments newly synthesized from lagging strand |
| A site | holds tRNA that is carrying the next amino acid to be added |
| P site | holds tRNA that is carrying the growing polypeptide chain |
| E site | where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome |
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