Psy ch 3 Infancy and Childhood
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Developmental Psychology | The study of changes that occur as an individual matures. |
| Grasping Reflex | An infant's clinging response to a touch on the palm of his or her hand |
| Rooting Reflex | An infant's response in turning toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his or her mouth. |
| Maturation | The internally programmed growth of a child. |
| Telegraphic Speech | The kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear. |
| Schema | A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world. |
| Assimilation | The process of fitting objects and experiences into one's schemas. |
| Accommodation | The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences. |
| Object Permanence | A child's realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it. |
| Representational Thought | The intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind. |
| Conservation | The principle that given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed. |
| Egocentric | A young child's inability to understand another person's perspective. |
| Imprinting | Inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter stimuli in their environment. |
| Critical Period | A specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned. |
| Authoritarian Family | Parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct. |
| Democratic/Authoritative Family | children and adolescents participate in decisions affecting their lives. |
| Permissive/Laissez-Faire Family | Children and adolescents have the final say; parents are less controlling and have a nonpunishing, accepting attitude toward children. |
| Socialization | The process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual is born and will live. |
| Identification | The process by which a child adopts the values and principles of the same-sex parent. |
| Sublimation | The process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks. |
| Role Taking | Children's play that involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view. |
| Jean Piaget | developmental psychologist who developed 4 stages of cognitive development and demonstrated that intelligence develops as children grow |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | developed 6 stages of moral development |
| Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development | 1 - egocentric, 2 - relativist, 3 - good boy, 4 - law and order, 5 - social contract, 6 - universal ethics |
| Separation Anxiety | common reaction among infants when the mother is absent |
| Mary Ainsworth | created the Strand Situation to measure attachment in children |
| Erik Erikson | "developed a theory of Psychosocial Development that focused on the ""crises"" we face from infancy to old age" |
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