| Term | Definition |
|---|
| fief | a grant of land to a vassal |
| vassal | someone who owes loyalty to a person of higher authority |
| knight | armored warrior |
| Christianity | religion begun around 30 AD in Judaea |
| feudalism | a system of loyalties and protection |
| Medieval | another word for Middle Ages |
| manor | the home of a feudal lord |
| crusades | the holy war by Christians to recapture Jerusalem from the Turks |
| crusader | a soldier who took the sign of the cross in his quest to regain the Holy Land |
| serf | a farmer bound to the land |
| peasant | a farmer on a manor |
| disciples | a follower of a religion |
| Vikings | the invaders from Scandinanvia who plundered Europe in the Middle ages |
| Charlemagne | the king of the Franks who set up feudalism |
| Middle Class | skilled workers, merchants, traders, craftspeople |
| chivalry | the oath taken by knights to obey and serve their lord |
| germanic tribes | the groups of invaders who took over the Western Roman Empire |
| Jesus | the founder of Christianity |
| Torah | the first five books of the Old Testament |
| Seljuk Turks | the invaders who captured the Holy Land |
| Saladin | the leader of the Turks who made a treaty with King Richard for safe pilgrimage to Jerusalem |
| Oath of Fealty | the ceremony of feudalism where a clot of dirt is exchanged to represent the fief |
| guilds | organizations of masters |
| apprentice | someone who learns a skill from a master |
| journeyman | an assistant of a master who earns wages while practicing his skill |
| master | a skilled worker who has been approved by the guild |
| Renaissance | the French word for re-birth |
| joust | a tournament of skill held by knights |
| Muslim | a follower of the Islamic faith |
| Allah | the Islamic word of God |
| pilgrimage | a journey to a holy site |
| Ramadan | the holy month of fasting in Islam |
| Mohammad | the founder of Islam |
| Mecca | the holy city of Islam |
| Judaism | the faith of the Hebrews |
| Abraham | the founder of Judaism |
| monotheistic | the believe in one god |
| infidels | a non-believer |
| Pope | the bishop of Rome or the head of the Catholic Church |
| Gothic | a style of architecture that uses tall walls and lots of windows |
| Romanesque | architecture that uses domes, arches, and thick walls |
| flying buttress | a support beam used in Gothic architecture |
| Florence, Italy | the birthplace of the Renaissance |
| Lorenzo de Medici | the banker of Florence who as a patron did the most to begin the Renaissance |
| patron | a supportor of the arts |
| Michelangelo | sculptor and artist famous for David, Moses, Sistine Chapel, St. Peter's |
| pieta | an unfinished sculpture by Michelangelo |
| Leonardo da Vinci | the famous artist of the Mona Lisa |
| Bubonic Plague | the Black Death that swept through Europe killing 1/4 of the population |
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