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cell the basic structural unit of all organisms, living things cytology The study of cells; using microscopes organism A living thing made up of many cells multicellular Many cells unicellular living things consisting of a single cell bacteria an example of a simple cell microscopic organisms a cell that is too small to be seen with the unaided eye. microbes microscopic organisms kingdoms a grouping system that divides organisms into 5 major categories living things all living things carry out basic life activities but can be very different monera the kingdom that includes bacteria monera means alone bacterium one celled organisms without true nucleus protista one celled organisms that have a true nucleus protista the kingdom that includes protozoa, algae & fungus-like protozoas move to obtain food, animal-like algae plant-like, and can make their own food protists fungus-like, obtain their food from what they grow on Fungi multicellular organisms that have cells with nuclei and cell walls Fungi multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll, so cannot make own food cell membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell cell wall a thick outer layer of cellulose that gives plant cells added support and strength cells The basic unit of all living things tissues structures inside multicellular organisms that are made of specific types of cells. organs made of specific types of cells and tissues chloroplasts metabolic centers that contain the green pigment chlorophyll chromosomes structures that direct cell growth and reproduction and hold the genetic information cytoplasm a jellylike fluid inside the cell endoplasmic reticulum an organelle that functions as the cell's transportation system Golgi apparatus an organelle that modifies and transports proteins and lipids Lysosomes organelles that recycle worn out cell organelles mitochondria organelles that produce energy Nuclear membrane thin structure that surrounds and protects the nucleus nucleus a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction organelles structures inside a cell that perform a particular function for the cell ribosomes tiny organelles that produce protein for the cell vacuoles organelles that store water, food, and other materials that the cell needs, and waste products cell theory one of the major theories in science. Schleiden & Schwaan two scientist who contributed to the development of the cell theory Histologist scientists who study cells cell theory all organisms made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure, all cells come from other cells Robert Hooke frist person to see cells in cork Leeuwenhoek frist person to observe cells in pond water chloroplast & cell wall what two things are present in plant cell not present in animal cell kingdoms how organisms are classified characteristics factor that makes it difficult to classify virus as living & nonliving monera, protist, fungi, plants, animals five kingdoms of living things golgi bodies bodies that store and release chemicals for cell use eukaryotes cell with true nucleus, single or multi cell, animal, plant or protist prokaryotic "before" no true nucleus, single cell, bacteria, fungi nucleus control center of the cell organisms complex creatures composed of cells, tissues, and organs that make up a living system ecosystems systems of living things made of different species of oganismsliving and interacting in same area; also contains nonliving such as water, oxygen, soil. biosphere thin layer of living things surrounding the Earth cell similarities cells contain 75-80% water, all have DNA, perform chemical reactions, enclosed in cell membrane, acquire food, eliminate waste, reproduce theory of spontaneous generation theory that living things could develop from non living matter, missing God piece. living things Organic & contain elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen needs of living things use and need energy to carry out activities chemicals for life carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfer needs of living things Sun,Food & Water; Air (oxygen), Temperature & Space homeostasis ability of an organism to maintain a stabel internal environment, temperature characteristics of living things made of units called cells; reproduce; based on genetic code; grow & develop; obtain & use energy; respond to environment; maintain stable environment, change overtime adaptation a characteristic that makes an organism suited to its needs, has special traits development all of the changes an organism undergoes as it grows biology is the science that seeks to understands the living world response the reaction of an organism to a stimulus stimulus anything that an organism responds to