| Term | Definition |
|---|
| water molecule | uneven distribution of electrons leads to slight charges at each end of a water molecule |
| mixture | a substance composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together, but not chemically combined |
| solutions | molecules of a substance that are spread uniformly in the solvent |
| solute | material that is dissolved |
| solvent | substance that does the dissolving |
| acids | compounds that release hydrogen ions in solutions |
| HCl | a strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion |
| bases | compounds that release hydroxide ions in solutions |
| HOH | Water that is neutral is called... |
| 0-14 | pH scale ranges from... |
| suspensions | mixtures of water and nondissolved material |
| suspensions | oil and water are examples of... |
| C, H, O, N | the elements ............and...comprise practically all compouns in living things |
| inorganic compounds | Compounds that do not contain carbon (one exception: CO2) |
| inorganic | water, minerals, calcium phosphate and salts are all examples of...compounds |
| organic compounds | what compounds contain carbon? |
| carbon | what element can form as many as four single covalent bonds and can form very long chains |
| monomers | small compounds |
| polymers | large compounds |
| macromolecules | large polymers |
| Carbohydrates | sugars |
| monosaccharides | single sugars |
| disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides linked together that contain enormous amounts of energy |
| Proteins | polymers made up of amino acids and are "building blocks" |
| proteins | aid in cell movement, pump small molecules into and out of cells, speed up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| amino acids | ........are joined tobether by special covalent bonds known as peptide bonds |
| 20 | how many different amino acids? |
| dehydration synthesis | when water is released or formed |
| enzymes | are proteins that change the rate of chemical reactions |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed for that reaction to occur |
| H2CO3 | carbonic acid |
| highly specific | enzymes are... |
| Nucleic acids | polymers of nucleotides/ store and transmit genetic material : DNA and RNA |
| nucleotides | .......are composed of a 5-composed structure, a phosphate group, and a nucleotide |
| Diffusion | movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water over a selectively permeable membrane |
| denaturing of enzymes | changing the shape of an enzyme with rising temperatures |
| chemical bonds | energy is stored in........ |
| energy is released | when chemical bonds are broken... |
| hydrolysis | polysaccharides are split and yield monosaccharides |
| lipids | cells use these for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings |
| lipids | form biological membranes |
| lipids | insoluble in water because they are non-polar |
| saturated fats | meat/dairy |
| unsaturated fats | cooking oils, prevent heart disease |
| sterols | build cells, carry messages, cholesterol |
| phospholipids | form cell membranes |
| room | fats and waxes are solids at...temperature |
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