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cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things tissue A group of similar cells that perform a particular function organ A structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue adaptation A behavior or physical characteristics that allows an organism to survive or reproduce in its environment sexual reproduction A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents fertilization The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell asexual reproduction A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Phylum One of the major groups into which biologists classify members of the animal kingdom vertebrate An animal that has a backbone invertebrate An animal that does not have a backbone bilateral symmetry Body plan with two halves that are mirror images radial symmetry The quality of having many lines of symmetry that all pass through a central point. larva The immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult cnidarian An invertebrate animal that uses stinging cells to capture food and defend itself polyp The cnidarian body plan characterized by a vaselike shape and which is usually adapted for life attached to an underwater surface. medusa The cnidarian body plan characterized by a bowl shape and adapted for a free-swimming life. colony A group of individual organisms living or growing together coral reef A diverse environment named for the coral animals that make up its stony structure parasite The organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parasitism interaction host The organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on free-living organism An organism that does not live in or on other organisms scavenger A carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms anus A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body closed circulatory system A circulatory system in which blood moves only within a connected network of tubes called blood vessels