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chorus a large body of singers including male and female singer. opera a form of theatre where the words are set to music. Combines drama, music, and dance to tell a story. aria a song for a solo voice in an opera. ballet a form of theatre where music and dance are combined, usually to enact a story. concerto a composition for orchestra and solo instrument. The solo part is usually written in a virtuosic style. overture a piece of music designed to be played as an introduction to an opera, ballet, or musical. chord a combination of tones sounded together. dynamics variations of volume, from loud to soft. harmony a combination of musical sounds that is musically significant based on a concept of tonality. improvisation to make up and perform music on the spur of the moment, without playing music that is written down of from memory. melody the succession of pitches over time with direction and rhythm. rhythm the basic element of music, organization of sound over time. scale the tonal material of music arranged in an order of rising pitches. tempo a term that indicates the pace (or speed) of the music theme a musical idea that can be varied or transformed in a number of ways. symphony a large body of instrumentalists including strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. If used to describe music, then a composition for the orchestra, often containing four movements that fit together. orchestra same as symphony strings an instrument family whose sound is produced by plucking or bowing stretched strings. woodwinds an instrument family whose sound is produced by means of vibrating column of air enclosed in a pipe or tube. brass an instrument family whose sound is produced by blowing into a cup-shaped mouthpiece. percussion an instrument family whose sound is produced by shaking, striking together, or hitting with hands, mallets, or sticks violin high of the string family double bass low of the string family piccolo high of the woodwind family contrabassoon low of the woodwind family trumpet high of the brass family tuba low of the brass family soprano highest vocal range alto second highest vocal range tenor second lowest vocal range bass lowest vocal range harp instrument in the string family that produces both high and low sounds piano instrument in the percussion family that produces both high and low sounds