(A&P) Chapter 7: The Respiratory System
About this set
Created by:
brandonmcquiston on January 27, 2011
Subjects:
paramedic: anatomy and physiology (aaos)
Description:
Vital Vocabulary from "Paramedic: Anatomy and Physiology" (AAOS), Chapter 7: The Respiratory System
Classes:
Collin College Paramedic Class 14, Medical studies, AAES 2011 Paramedic
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alveolar ducts | ducts formed from divisions if the respiratory bronchioles in the lower airway; each ducts ends in clusters known as alveoli. |
| alveoi | tiny sacs of lung tissue in which gas exchange takes place. |
| alveolocapillary membrane | the very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lies between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the alveolus and the blood vessels occurs. |
| asbestosis | a disease of the lungs casused by inhalation of asbestos particles. |
| asthma | a reversible restrictive lower airway disease. |
| black lung disease | a disease of the lung caused by consistent inhalation of coal dust. |
| bronchial arteries | arteries that branch off of the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood. |
| bronchial veins | veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs. |
| bronchioles | fine subdivisions of the bronchi that give rise to the alveolar ducts. |
| bronchodilators | medication that is designed to improve lung function. |
| bronchospasm | constriction of the airway passages of the lungs that accompanies muscle spasms. |
| carina | the projection of the lowest portion of tracheal cartilage, at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra. |
| chronic bronchitis | chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is associated with excess mucus production that results from overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airway. |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a progressive and irreversible disease of the airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs. |
| conchae | three bony ridges contained within the lateral walls of the nasopharynx. |
| diffusion | the process by which a gas dissolves in a liquid. |
| emphysema | destruction of the walls of the alveoli, which creates resistance to expiratory airflow. |
| epiglottis | the thin plate of cartilage that closes over the glottic opening during swallowing. |
| esophagas | the tubular organ posterior to the trachea, connecting the pharynx to the stomach. |
| external nares | the external openings to the nasal cavity; also called the nostrils. |
| forced expiratory vital capacity (FEVI) | the volume of air exhaled from the lung following a forceful exhalation. |
| glottis | the opening into the lower airway made up of the true vocal cords and the opening between them. |
| hard palate | the floor of the nasal cavity. |
| hilum | the point of entry for the bronchi, vessels, and nerves into the pharynx. |
| interior nares | the posterior opening from the nasopharynx into the pharynx. |
| larynx | the opening of the lower airway, which consists of several cartilaginous structures held together by ligaments. |
| lingula | a small portion of the left lung that is the equivalent of the middle lobe in the right lung. |
| lungs | the two primary organs of breathing. |
| mainstream bronchi | the part of the lower airway below the larynx through which air enters the lungs. |
| meatus | a passage located below each turbinate. |
| nasal septum | the structure that seperates the nasal cavity into two parts. |
| nasopharynx | the nasal cavity, which extends from the internal nares to the uvula. |
| oropharynx | the oral cavity, which extends from the uvula to the epiglottis. |
| parietal pleura | the pleural membrane that lines the pleural cavity. |
| partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) | a measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood. |
| partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) | a measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood. |
| pH | the measurement of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. |
| pharynx | the cavity formed by the posterior connection of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. |
| pleura | membranes of connective tissue that cover the lungs and line the inner borders of the rib cage. |
| pleural cavity | the cavity formed by the inner borders of the rib cage. |
| plearal space | a potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura. |
| primary respiratory acidosis | the decrease in the blood pH secondary to insufficient exhalation of CO2. |
| primary respiratory alkalosis | increase in the blood pH secondary to excessive exhalation of CO2. |
| pulmonary function tests | test that assess volumes of air that move into and out of the lungs. |
| residual volume | the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after a forceful expiration. |
| respiratory bronchioles | structures fromed by the final branching of the bronchioles. |
| respiratory center | the part of the brain located in the medulla oblongata that controls the respiratory stimulus. |
| respiratory system | the organs and structures associated with breathing, gas exchange, and the entrance of air into the body. |
| restrictive lung disease | diseases such as black lung disease and asbestosis that result in stiffening of the lungs and significantly decreased vital capacity. |
| secondary bronchi | airway passages in the ungs that are formed from the division of the right and left mainstream bronchi. |
| spirometer | a device used in pulmonary function testing that measures air leaving the lungs over a specific period of time. |
| tertiary bronchi | airway passages in the lungs that are formed from branching of the secondary bronchi. |
| tidal volume | the volume of air inspired during normal inspiration. |
| trachea | the structure made up of cartilage and other connective tissue that lies immediately inerior to the larynx and conveys air to the mainstream bronchi. |
| true vocal cords | the inferior portion of the vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound. |
| turbinates | a set on bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help to maintain smooth airflow. |
| uvula | a small fleshy mass that hangs from the soft palate. |
| ventilation | the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. |
| vestibular folds | the superior portion of the vocal cords; also called the false vocal cords. |
| visceral pleura | the pleural membrane that covers the lungs. |
| vital capacity | the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation. |
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