Inside Earth Ch. 1

5 Written Questions

1. The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
2. A device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves.
3. The force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which the force is exerted.
4. The amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit volume.
5. A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.

5 Matching Questions

1. rift valley
2. basalt
3. convergent boundary
4. subduction
5. scientific theory

1. a A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust.
2. b A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
3. c A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
4. d A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart.
5. e The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench ande back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents.
   1. Pangaea
   2. mantle
   3. basalt
   4. granite
2. A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.
   1. crust
   2. fossil
   3. density
   4. faults
3. The transfer of energy through space.
   1. granite
   2. conduction
   3. subduction
   4. radiation
4. A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth.
   1. pressure
   2. granite
   3. inner core
   4. outer core
5. The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.
   1. inner core
   2. sea-floor spreading
   3. seismic waves
   4. transform boundary

5 True/False Questions

1. continental drift → The transfer of heat by movement of a fluid.

   True        False

2. crust → The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface.

   True        False

3. plate tectonics → A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.

   True        False

4. lithosphere → The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.

   True        False

5. convection current → The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.

   True        False