Test 1 review
Order by
171 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Right femoral artery or Left femoral artery | If you wanted to examine a person's coronary arteries, you would insert your catheter in the |
| Right femoral vein or Left femoral vein | If you wanted to examine a person's pulmonary arteries, you would insert your catheter in the |
| Why does 1 mole of glucose weigh more than 1 mole of NaCl? | Molecular weight of glucose is greater than molecular weight of NaCl. |
| 58 grams | If the molecular weight of NaCl is 58 grams, how much NaCl must you add to a liter of water to make a 1 mol/L solution of NaCl? |
| . Which is more acidic, pH 6 or pH 8 | pH 6 |
| pH 2 | . Convert 0.01 mol/liter H+ into pH |
| A concentration gradient. | For ions to diffuse through a membrane channel, what must exist? |
| It would gain water and become heavier. | What did we expect would happen to the potato slice left in water? |
| It would lose water and become lighter | What did we expect would happen to the potato slice left in 1 mol/L sucrose? |
| The pH went down because of the carbonic acid created by reaction of CO2 with water | What happened to the pH of water when you bubbled your breath through it? |
| It went down | What happened to the pH of water when you added acetic acid to it? |
| To stain tissues for microscopic study | What are hematoxylin and eosin used for? |
| 40X | If you are using a 4X ocular lens and a 10X objective lens, how many times magnified is the tissue you are looking at? |
| Because of the one-way valves in veins | Why can blood flow in only one direction in your veins? |
| More substrate More product | Add increasing amounts of substate to a constant amount of enzyme |
| More enzyme Faster reaction | Add increasing amounts of enzyme to a constant amount of substrate |
| hot | In the experiment testing the effect of temperature on an enzymatic reaction, which reacted slowest? |
| warm | In the experiment testing the effect of temperature on an enzymatic reaction,which reacted fastest |
| without acid | In the experiment using acid, which tube turned yellow |
| Pulmonary and aortic | The following valves are open during during systole |
| Mitral and tricuspid | The following valves are open during diastole |
| Pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid regurgition | Systolic murmurs include |
| . Mitral and tricuspid stenosis | Diastolic murmurs include |
| Mitral regurgitation | Mitral valve prolapse can cause |
| Increase it | How will an atrial septal defect change blood flow to your lungs? |
| Increase it | How will a ventricular septal defect change blood flow to your lungs? |
| Injuring a papillary muscle | A heart attack can cause tricuspid regurgitation by |
| The left ventricle | Aortic regurgitation can cause enlargement of |
| . Left atrium | Mitral stenosis causes enlargement of |
| Joint pains, Skin rash, Heart valve damage , | Rheumatic fever can cause |
| Bacteria | The most common cause of endocarditis is |
| . 5 - 15 year olds | Rheumatic fever is most common in |
| 10% - 40% | What percentage of people who have rheumaticfever develop heart valve damage? |
| Is usually caused by viruses, . Causes chest pain, Can occur in otherwise healthy people , Can cause pericardial effusion , | Pericarditis |
| How many valence electrons each has | Whether 2 atoms react together depends upon |
| Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen | The 3 most common elements in your body are |
| Same number of electrons and protons | An atom has the |
| Covalent bonds | Which is strongest? |
| Only molecules | Compounds are made of |
| Molecules of 2 oxygen atoms | In air oxygen exists as |
| More protons than electrons | A cation has |
| More electrons than protons | An anion has |
| Ionic | Which bonds are broken by water? |
| The outermost electrons in an atom | Valence electrons are |
| The more The more likely it is to react with other atomsenergy it has The more likely it is to be lost in an ionic bond | The farther an electron is from the nucleus |
| It is a polar compound | Water is an excellent solvent because |
| Have an ionic end and a hydrophobic end Have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end Are usually found in cell membranes | Phospholipids |
| Are small protein molecules Are made with amino acids Are made with peptide bonds | Peptides |
| DNA | The largest macromolecules are |
| Dissolved in cholesterol Hydrophobic | Ions can never be |
| Have a positive and a negative end | Polar molecules |
| About ½ | Water composes how much of your body weight? |
| They are attracted to both cations and anions They are attracted to hydrogens that are bound to oxygen in covalent compounds They are attracted to other polar molecules | Because water molecules have a positive and a negative end |
| Not polar | Hydrogens bound to carbons are usually |
| Depends on its sequence of amino acids Depends on the R-groups of its amino acids Depends on ionic bonds between R-groups Depends on hydrophobic bonds between R-groups | The 3-dimensional structure of a protein |
| A positive end and a negative end charged end and an uncharged end A hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end No charge at all | Depending on their structure molecules can have |
| Fat cells Cell membranes | Hydrophobic molecules are concentrated in |
| Making molecules shake faster Making molecules hit each other more frequently Making molecules hit each other harder | Heat causes chemical reactions by |
| Is a long chain of glucoses Is a polymer of glucoses | Glycogen |
| It cannot speed up one reaction without speeding up all the others Heat denatures proteins | Heating is not a good way to speed up biochemical reactions because |
| Burning and cellular respiration create about the same amount of heat | Which creates more heat from a hamburger? |
| How difficult it is for 2 molecules to react | Activation energy measures |
| Have the right number of valence electrons Collide with each other Be oriented correctly when they collide Collide with sufficient speed | In order to react 2 molecules must |
| Brings the molecules very close together Sometimes twists the molecules | To make 2 molecules react, enzymes |
| Produce ADP from ATP Produce phosphate from ATP | ATPases |
| Are negatively charged Can change the shape of proteins | Phosphate groups |
| A few seconds | A cell can store enough ATP to last |
| Produce ADP from ATP Produce phosphate from ATP Bind phosphate to a macromolecule | Kinases |
| ATP PO4= ADP | Which of these can bind to macromolecules non-covalently? |
| Go without ATP Get ATP from the liver Get ATP from blood Share ATP | Cells CANNOT |
| . In mitochondria and cytoplasm | ATP is made |
| Glucose and fatty acids | The raw materials for ATP synthesis are |
| Muscle and liver cells | Glycogen is found mostly in |
| . ATP, H, and pyruvic acid | The products of glycolysis are |
| Cytoplasm | Glycolysis occurs in the |
| Mitochondrial inner membrane | Hydrogen atoms removed from glucose during glycolysis go to the |
| Pyruvic acid | Which product of glycolysis goes to the mitochondrial matrix? |
| Pyruvic acid and fatty acids | Raw materials for the Kreb's cycle include |
| Go straight to the Kreb's cycle | Fatty acids |
| H, ATP, CO2 | The products of the Kreb's cycle include |
| Glycolysis Kreb's cycle | Hydrogen atoms for oxidative phosphorylation come from |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | Oxygen is necessary for |
| H2O, ATP | The products of oxidative phosphorylation are |
| It provides H for oxidative phosphorylation It does not require oxygen | Glycolysis is important for cells because |
| H is oxidized | During oxidative phosphorylation |
| H is split into a proton and an electron Oxygen combines with hydrogen | During oxidative phosphorylation |
| Only uses glucose | Glycolysis |
| ADP is phosphorylated | During oxidative phosphorylation |
| 30 - 35 ATPs | with the hydrogens from 1 molecule of glucose oxidative phosphorylation produces |
| At least 2000 | How many times per day is each ADP converted to ATP? |
| it is used in other chemical reactions | What happens to the H+ produced during glycolysis? |
| 4 | During glycolysis how many hydrogens are removed from each glucose molecule? |
| Acetic acid | Before they begin the Kreb's cycle pyruvic and fatty acids are changed to a form of |
| ATP synthase | The enzyme that makes ATP in the mitochondrial inner membrane is |
| Actin | The main protein of thin filaments is |
| Myosin | The main protein of thick filaments is |
| Keeps actin separated from myosin Moves when Ca++ enters a sarcomere | Tropomyosin |
| Myosin sticks to actin | When ADP and PO4= bind to a myosin head, |
| Myosin moves away from actin | When ATP sticks to a myosin head |
| Myosin head | ATP is converted to ADP and PO4= by |
| Mitochondria | ADP and PO4= are converted to ATP by |
| Stroke volume x heart rate | Cardiac output is |
| Increasing left ventricular filling Increasing myocardial contractility | Stroke volume can be increased by |
| Increased filling | The volume of a heart chamber can be increased by |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Heart rate is increased by |
| Exercise Sympathetic nervous system Contraction (squeezing) veins | Blood return to the heart is increased by |
| Stretching heart muscle increases its contractility | Frank and Starling observed that |
| How much calcium is bathing the sarcomere The number of contacts between actin and myosin How much the sarcomeres are stretched The sympathetic nervous system | Cardiac contractility depends on |
| Cardiac output decreases Myocardial contractility decreases Heart failure develops | If the sarcomeres are stretched too far |
| Veins | The majority of your blood is in |
| Branches, Striations, Mitochondria, Sarcomeres, | Cardiac muscle cells have |
| Sarcomeres | Striations are created by |
| From 5 L per minute to 30 L per minute | Exercise can increase resting cardiac output |
| Stretching of sarcomeres _2___ b. Increased cardiac output __3_ c. Increased left ventricular filling 1___ | Put in order of occurrence |
| Myosin binds to actin _2___ b. Calcium enters the sarcomeres _1___ c. Myosin pulls actin __3__ | Put in order of occurrence |
| . ADP and PO4++ are bound to myosin head ___1_ b. ATP binds to myosin head __4 Myosin pulls actin ____2_ d. ADP and PO4++ are released from myosin ____ 3 Myosin and actin separate ____5 | Put in order of occurrence |
| Increased calcium is released into sarcomeres ____2_ b. Sympathetic nervous system activates __1__ Stroke volume increases __4___ d. Myocardial contractility increases ___3__ | Put in order of occurrence |
| . Heart rate increases __2___ b. Sympathetic nervous system activates __1__ c. Cardiac output increases __3__ | Put in order of occurrence |
| Increased cardiac output ____3_ b. Exercise _1___ c. Increased right atrial filling _2____ | Put in order of occurrence |
| Calcium is pumped out of the sarcomeres _1___ b. Myosin separates from actin ___3_ c. Tropomyosin moves between myosin and actin __2__ | Put in order of occurrence |
| Cardiac output decreases ___3__ b. Sarcomeres are overstretched ___1__ c. Contractility decreases _2___ | Put in order of occurrence |
| 70 mL | Normal stroke volume is about |
| 3-fold | During exercise your pulse can increase about |
| Least | At rest cardiac contractility is |
| - charge on inside, + on outside | Cell membranes have |
| Inward diffusion of sodium | Depolarization of the cell membrane is caused by |
| Much greater inside a cell than outside | Potassium concentration is |
| Adjacent membrane depolarizes | Voltage-gated ion channels are opened when |
| Outward diffusion of potassium | Cell membrane polarization is mostly due to |
| The cell membrane depolarizes Ca++ concentration is much greater in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++ channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum | Calcium rapidly diffuses into sarcomeres because |
| The cell membrane | Transverse tubules are part of |
| Of gap junctions Cardiac muscle is a syncytium | Depolarization passes from one cardiac muscle cell to the next because |
| . K+ rapidly diffuses out of the cell | Cell membrane repolarization occurs when |
| . Striations b. Intercalated discs c. Branching | Cardiac muscle cells have |
| Desmosomes Gap junctions | Intercalated discs contain |
| Calcium pumps ATP | To move calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum requires |
| Increases flow of Ca++ into the sarcomeres Increases myocardial contractility | The sympathetic nervous system |
| Inward diffusion of Ca++ | Depolarization of the cardiac pacemaker is caused by |
| . Decreases the flow of Ca++ into pacemaker cells Slows the heart rate | The parasympathetic nervous system |
| Outward diffusion of K+ | Repolarization of the cardiac pacemakeer is caused by |
| Just before the ventricles | The atria contract |
| Purkinje fibers __4__ b. His bundle __3__ c. Pacemaker ___2_ d. AV node __1__ | Put in order of action potential conduction |
| Sarcomere contraction __3___ b. Inflow of calcium __2__ c. Inflow of sodium _1__ | Put in order of occurrence |
| Ventricle depolarization | The R-wave of the EKG is caused by |
| Atrial depolarization | The P-wave of the EKG is caused by |
| Action potentials __1__ b. Conduction system ____2_ c. Sarcomere contraction __5_ d. Myocardial cells _3___ e. Action potentials __4___ | Put in order |
| Increases Ca++ inflow to the pacemaker Increases Ca+ inflow to the sarcomeres | The sympathetic nervous system |
| Myocardial repolarization | The T-wave of an EKG is caused by |
| Increases cardiac contractility Increases cardiac output Increases heart rate | The sympathetic nervous system |
| . Purkinje fibers ___3_ b. AV node 1___ c. Muscle cells _2__ | Put in order of increasing action potential speed (slowest first) |
| Outflow of K+ ___3 b. Inflow of Na+ _1___ c. Depolarization __2__ d. Repolarization __4_ | Put in order of occurrence |
| The ventricles do not fill completely | Atrial fibrillation decreases cardiac output because |
| a. Left and right ventricles_4___ b. Inter ventricular septum ___3_ c. Right atrium __1__ d. Left atrium ___2_ | Place in order of depolarization |
| Begins with the pacemaker | The cardiac conduction system |
| Raise your eyebrows | Frontal Epicranius |
| Flex knee | Hamstrings |
| bite down | Masseter |
| pucker up | Orbicularis oris |
| touch ear to shoulder | Sternocleidomastoid |
| raise shoulders | Trapezius |
| extend upper arm at shoulder | Deltoid |
| flex upper arm at shoulder | Pectoralis Major |
| extend lower arm at elbow | Triceps |
| flex lower arm at elbow | Biceps |
| extend fingers | Extensor digitorum |
| do a sit up | Rectus abdominis |
| flex your upper leg | Psoas major |
| extend hip | Gluteus maximus |
| kick from your knee | Quadriceps |
| raise foot | Anterior tibial |
| stand on toes | Gastrocnemius |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.