America's History Ch 21
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MsWilliams_ahs on January 30, 2011
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Archduke Maximilian | He set up a French-sponsored regime in 1863, in which the U.S thought as threatening to the security of the Southwest. The French military withdrew, abandoning him to a Mexican firing squad when U.S General Philip Sheridan massed on the border. |
| Alabama | British built ship that interfered with the North's shipping during the Civil War, eventually Britain agreed to arbitration of the claims made by merchants affected by the Alabama and other ships sailing out of British ports. |
| William H. Seward | a Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson he arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia. |
| James Blaine | Benjamin Harrison's secretary of state and played an important role in the Pan-American Conference. The charming and popular man was the Republican nominee for president in 1884 who lost to Grover Cleveland. His candidacy was hurt by charges of corruption with the railroads exposed in the Mulligan letters. |
| Pan-Americanism | the idea that the United States and Latin America should work together to support peace and increase trade |
| Hawaii | a group of islands in the north pacific located between Asia and the US. It served as a "military and commercial outpost in the Pacific." in 1893, American planters organized an uprising due in part to the high tariffs on sugar. Without consulting the US government, they persuaded a US official to land 50 US marines to help overthrow the queen and set up a pro-american government. but president Cleveland rejected a proposal to annex Hawaii. He argued that the revolt had been illegal and was not supported by the people of the islands. Cleveland's successor, William Mckinley, however, favored annexation and supported a treaty to achieve it. On july 7, 1898, congress voted to make Hawaii a territory of the US. |
| McKinley Tariff of 1890 | raised tariffs to the highest level they had ever been. Big business favored these tariffs because they protected U.S. businesses from foreign competition. |
| Berlin Conference 1884 | European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to divide Africa amongst one another, as if it was completely uninhabited |
| Sino-Japanese War | A war between China and Japan for influence, power, and territory in 1894. Teddy Roosevelt helped broker peace between the two nations. |
| Panic of 1893 | Serious economic depression beginning that began due to rail road companies over-extending themselves, causing bank failures. Was the worst economic collapse in the history of the country until that point, and, some say, as bad as the Great Depression of the 1930s. |
| Alfred Mahan | a United States Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator. His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I. His research into naval history led to his most important work, The Influence of Seapower Upon History,1660-1783, published in 1890 |
| Venezuela Crisis | occurred over Venezuela's longstanding dispute with Great Britain about the territory of Guayana Esequiba, which Britain claimed as part of British Guiana and Venezuela saw as Venezuelan territory. The crisis ultimately saw Britain accept the United States' intervention in the dispute to force arbitration of the entire disputed territory, and tacitly accepted the United States' right to intervene under the Monroe Doctrine. |
| Anglo-Saxonism | the belief that English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government, and were destined to dominate the planet. |
| John Fiske | historian and expansionist who argued that, with the superiority if its democracy, the United States was destined to spread over "every land in the earth's surface." |
| Manifest Destiny | a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God) |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems., "The Significance of the Frontier in American History": American needed a frontier [inspired by "closing of frontier"] |
| José Martí | led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War |
| William Randolph Hearst | Newspaper publisher who adopted a sensationalist style. His reporting was partly responsible for igniting the Spanish-American War. |
| Joseph Pulitzer | creator of the "New York World;"cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism |
| USS Maine | Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War |
| Teller Amendment | Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war |
| Rough Riders | Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War |
| Manila Bay | Site of first major battle of Spanish-American War. Dewey defeated Spanish. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Massachusetts Senator- thought US had to join the competition to maintain its economic and military strengh |
| Guam | Pacific island that was acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War |
| Puerto Rico | Neither a state nor a territory, its inhabitants became US citizens but were not self governing |
| San Juan Hill | Site of the most famous battle of the Spanish-American war, where Theodore Roosevelt successfully leads the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish trenches |
| Philippines | Spanish colony in the Pacific whom the US helped free from the Spanish, but soon after took as their own colony |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743) |
| Treaty of Paris (1899) | Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the US. and sold the phillipines for $20 million. |
| anti-imperialists | Opposed to US Imperialism: 1). Morality-believed that taking over Filipino's would violate American principle "the right of all people to independence and self-government" 2). Economics-feared competition from Filipino producers 3). Legality and Race-feared contaminating effects of contact with "inferior" Asian races. |
| Philippine War | Filipinos had been fighting a war against Spain, so then they just concentrated their efforts of rebellion on the US instead; war lasted 4 years and was far bloodier than the war with the Spanish, said aim was to "uplift and civilize and Christianize" |
| Jones Act | Act that replaced the Foraker Act. It gave Puerto Ricans full citizenship, as well as a government that was similar to a state government. |
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