Flashcards: Psych Thinking & Learning Vocab
About these flashcards
Created by:
kasielasserre1 on January 30, 2011
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.All 25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cognition | mental activities associated with processing, understanding, remembering, & communicating |
| concepts | mental groupings of similar objects, events, & people; seperated into hierarchies (categories); similar to schemas |
| prototype | mental image, or best example of a category |
| algorithm | step-by-step procedure, results guaranteed |
| heuristics | thinking strategy, allows us to make judgements & solve problems quickly; error-prone |
| insight | AHA! sudden solution to a problem |
| confirmation bias | preconception; rejects alternative ideas; seeks info that supports your preconception |
| fixation | stuck on one solution to a problem; new perspectives are not examined |
| mental set | "what has worked for me in the past?"; used past solutions to solve current problem |
| perceptual set | past preconceptions; old beliefs get in the way of current problems; judgements |
| functional fixedness | tools; can onlyl use a certain tool; lack of creativeness |
| representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things based on how well they represent a prototype |
| availability heuristic | judging the liklihood of things based on their availability in memory |
| overconfidence | to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs & judgements |
| framing | the way an issue is presented |
| belief bias | when pre-existing beliefs distort logical reasoning |
| belief perserverance | our tendancy to cling to beliefs in the face of contrary evidence |
| phonemes | smallest distinctive sound unit |
| morpheme | smallest unit of language that has meaning |
| grammer | a system of rules |
| semantics | rules enabling us to derive meaning from morphemes, words, & sentences |
| syntax | rules; word order |
| stages of speech | 4 months - "babbling stage" - sounds are universal 10 months - phenomes are in native language 1 year - "one word stage" 18 months - one word learned per day 2 years - "two word stage" - "telegraphic speech" after 2 years - understanding language kind of explodes |
| telegraphic speech | "two word stage" - 2 years old |
| linguistic determinism/Whorf's hypothesis | language determines the way we think |