UNIT 4 Chemistry of Life Objectives
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 List the top 4 most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things. | CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) |
| List the next 5 important elements needed by living organisms. | SPICKS (Sulfur, Phosphorus, Iron, Calcium, Sodium) |
| A component of some amino acids | Sulfur |
| A component of nucleotides in DNA/RNA | Phosphorus |
| has a role in oxygen transport | Iron |
| has a role in nerve impulses in animals, maintaining metabolism with bacteria, osmotic balance in most plants. | Sodium |
| What property allows a water bug to float on the surface of the water, and allows plants to transport water through their tissues. | Cohesive Property |
| What property allows osmosis and the transport of the nutrients around the body. | Solvent Property |
| Using water as a coolant-Body heat being absorbed by the water molecules evaporating to reduce body temperature. Or how ponds, lakes or oceans have less variation in temperature. | Thermal Property |
| Any element that contains carbon except when it is paired with oxygen. | Organic Compound |
| . | Amino Acid |
| . | Glucose |
| . | Ribose |
| . | Fatty Acid |
| Glucose, Galactose and Fructose are | Monosaccharides |
| Maltose, Lactose, and Sucrose are | Disaccharides |
| Starch, Glucose, and Cellulose are | Polysaccharides |
| Respiratory Substrate in animals? | Glucose |
| Insoluble storage polymer in animals? | Glycogen |
| Milk sugar in animals? | Lactose |
| Fruit Sugar in plants? | Fructose |
| Soluble, metabolically inactive,transported in phloem sap in plants? | Sucrose |
| Insoluble, structural fibers of plant cell walls in plants? | Cellulose |
| Have the function of energy storage, thermal insulation, and buoyancy. | Lipids |
| In Energy Storage *Easily digested. *Energy released faster. *Soluble in water. *Easy to move and store. | Carbs |
| In Energy Storage *More energy per gram *Insoluble in water (No osmosis problems) *More Oxygen per molecule *Only good for low energies | Lipids |
| What are the two types of nucleic acids? | Ribose and deoxyribose |
| Three components of a DNA building block? | Phosphate, Ribose sugar, base. |
| State the names of the four bases in DNA | CTAG (Cytosine, thymine, adenine Guanine) |
| *Amino acids in a polypeptide chain | 1 Structure |
| *Formed by hydrogen bonds *Helix shape | (2 Structure) Alpha Helix |
| *Folding shape *Polypeptide chain more stretched out. *sheet has twists that increase strength. | (2 Structure) Beta Pleated Sheet |
| What connects the alpa and beta helix, often active sites of enzymes? | (2 Structure) Open Loops |
| *Polypeptides fold *Hydrogen and Ionic Bonds | 3 Structure |
| *Tertiary Polypeptides fold together | 4 Structure |
| *Water soluble *Long and narrow *Strength and support in tissues *Collagen *Most common in animals *Keratin in hair and nails | Fibrous |
| *Near soluble *Pigment and Transport proteins *Immune system *Antibodies like haemoglobin and Immunoglobulin | Globular |
| . | Polar Amino Acid |
| . | Non-polar Amino Acid |
| 4 functions of protiens | Hormone, Immunoglobulin, Enzyme, Gas Transport |
| bring about the uptake of glucose across the cell membrane and the storage of glucose as the insoluble polymer glycogen. | Hormone |
| Produced by the plasma cells in an immune response to an infectious antigen. | Immunoglobulin |
| reduce the energy of activation and allows a biochemical reaction to reach equilibrium more quickly. | Enzyme |
| Haemoglobin molecules transport oxygen to respiring tissues. | Gas Transport |
| Metabolic pathways: Each stage has it's own ____. | Enzyme |
| Metabolic pathways: _____ Pathways breakdown molecules. | Catabolic |
| Metabolic pathways:____ pathways build up molecules. | Anabolic |
| Glycolysis is what kind of metabolic pathway? | Chain |
| Krebs cycle and Calvin cycle are what kind of metabolic pathway? | Cyclic |
| replaced the "Lock and Key" hypothesis | Induced-Fit Model |
| These reactions use enzymes to lower the activation energy, releasing more energy than the activation energy. | Exergonic Reactions |
| When an inhibitor binds to the active site and blocks the substrate. If there are too many substrates, more inhibitors will be made. | Competitive |
| Reduces rate of reaction, but does not bind to active site, changes shape of active site. | Non-competitive |
| Substances that reduce or completely stop the action of an enzyme. | Inhibitor |
| If there is an excess of end product, then it switches off until it is balanced again. | End-Product |
| Parts of a molecule that contain _____ amino acids are hydrophilic and can exist in contact with water. | Polar |
| ______ amino acids allow the protein to site within the phospholipid bilayer. | Non-polar |
| The lining of the channel itself has _____ amino acids to allow the diffusion of charged molecules and ions. | Polar |
| _____ amino acids within the active site of an enzyme allow a chemical interaction between the substrate and the enzyme to reduce the activation energy. | Polar |
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