Mendel Genetics
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Created by:
river_klowden on January 31, 2011
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetics | the science of heredity |
| character | a heretable feature that varies among individuals |
| trait | each variant for a character |
| self-fertilize | fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by the same individual |
| cross fertilization | fusion of male and female gametes produced by different individuals |
| true breeding | varieties for which self fertilization produced offspring are all identical to the parent |
| hybrids | the offspring of 2 varieties |
| P- generation | the parent generation; true breeding parental plants |
| F1 generation | filial generation( from the hybrid offspring) |
| F2 generation | the offspring of the F1 generation by self fertilization or cross fertilization |
| monohybrid cross | parent plants that differ in only one character |
| alleles | alternate versions of genes; flavors of a gene; homologous chromosomes bear the alleles for each other |
| homozygous | an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a gene |
| heterozygous | an organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene; carrier |
| dominant allele | if 2 alleles of an inherited pair differ then one determines appearence |
| recessive allele | the allele that has no noticable effect on the organisms appearence of an inherited pair of alleles |
| law of segregation | a sperm or egg carries only one inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes(meiosis) |
| phenotype | expressed physical traits |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| pedigree | visual monohybrid cross through generations |
| karyotype | photographic inventory of an organisms chromosomes ; shows chromosomes condensed and doubled |
| lymphocytes | type of white blood cell |
| trisomy 21 | downs syndrome- 3 chromosomes in autosome 21; 1 in 700 births |
| non disjunction | members if a chromosome pair fail to separate |
| zygote | an abnormal gamete produced by non disjunction unites with a normal gamete in fertilization; abnormal number of chromosomes |
| Kleinfelters | nondijunstion because of problem in meiosis in egg or sperm; xxy |
| Turner syndrome | one x chromosome |
| Alzheimers | chromosome 21 defect; more chance of getting alzheimers if 3 chromosome 21 |
| law of segregation | during production of gametes(meiosis), each allele seperates from each other |
| gene loci | position of allele on chromosome |
| law of independent assortment | when making gametes one pair of alleles will segregate independently from a second pair of alleles on a second pair of homologous chromosomes |
| test cross | mating between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual |
| carriers | carries the allele in a heterozygous state |
| incomplete dominance | neither allele is dominant; expression of both allele is oberved as an intermediate phenotype (pink flower) |
| codominance | neither is dominant over the other 1/2 red and 1/2 white flower |
| linked genes | alleles on same chromosome |
| autosome | non sex chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | non autosomal chromosomes |
| sex linked traits | genes on sex chromosomes |
| hemophelia | clotting disorder |
| pleiotropy | one gene influencing many charecteristics ex: sickle cell |
| polygenic inheritance | many genes influencing one trait |
| electrophoreseis | method of fragmenting DNA to match using an enzyme |
| additions | the zygote ends up with an extra copy of a chromosome |
| deletions | a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing |
| inversions | a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end |
| translocations | a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes |
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