Digestive System Terminology - Incomplete
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 gastroenterology | specialty of medicine that deals with digestion and problems associated with it |
| abdomen | central part of body from below the chest to the hips |
| gut | typically refers to developing GI (gastrointestinal) tract of an embryo |
| viscera | plural form; individual internal organs of digestion; general term for any organ of abdominal or thoracic cavity |
| viscus | singular form; individual internal organs of digestion; general term for any organ of abdominal or thoracic cavity |
| lumen | tube extends from mouth to anus; passage or hollow part of a tubular organ |
| labia | Latin for lips |
| vestibule | space between teeth and lips or cheeks |
| oral cavity proper | space in mouth internal to teeth (where tongue lies) |
| stratified squamous epithelium | type of tissue that lines the inside of the mouth; it protects it from abrasion due to hard or sharp foods during chewing |
| epithelium | membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of body |
| red margin | part of the lips that we lick the most |
| vermilion border | line between the red of the lips and the adjacent normal skin above; very thin and translucent tissue, so the red color is actually derived from blood flow in the underlying capillaries |
| labial frenulum | means "little bridle of the lip"; connective membrane between lip and inner mucosa of gum |
| oral cavity | the mouth; divided into 2 sections: vestibule & oral cavity proper |
| hard palate | located anteriorly; rigid surface of the roof of the mouth |
| soft palate | located posteriorly; rises during swallowing to close off nasopharynx |
| uvula | finger-like piece of soft tissue that hangs down at the opening of the throat; anchored to the free edge of soft palate |
| gingivae | tissue or gums of the mouth |
| superior labia | upper lip |
| inferior labia | lower lip |
| mastication | biting and grinding food in your mouth so you can swallow it |
| palate | forms roof of mouth; made of 2 distinct sections: hard _____ & soft _____ |
| tongue | muscle that occupies most of the space on the floor of the mouth used for mastication, deglutination, and articulation; made up of 2 different types of muscles: extrinsic muscles & intrinsic muscles |
| bolus | compact mass of food |
| extrinsic muscles | allow the tongue to alter position of the tongue, protrude it, retract it, move it laterally, or wiggle it |
| intrinsic muscles | allow the tongue to change shape to flat, round, firm, and relaxed |
| lingual frenulum | connective tissue holding the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| ankyloglossia | tongue-tied; lingual frenulum is abnormally short |
| filiform papillae | small projections which allow the tongue to grasp food and manipulate it during mastication; small bumps; lines up in parallel rows; very numerous, give tongue its whitish appearance |
| fungiform papillae | large projections on the tongue with a mushroom appearance; large bumps; vascular core that gives a reddish appearance |
| circumvallate papillae | 10 or so projections in the back of the tongue which lie in the shape of a V |
| sulcus terminalis | groove that marks the border between the mouth and the pharynx |
| lingual tonsils | rounded masses of tissue covering the root of the tongue |
| salivary glands | any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity |
| saliva | a complex mixture of water, ions, mucus, and enzymes |
| small intrinsic salivary glands | glands responsible for maintaining a moist mouth |
| large extrinsic salivary glands | glands that secrete saliva only when we eat or anticipate eating |
| parotid gland | large salivary gland located in front of and below each ear that produces much of the daytime saliva |
| submandibular gland | salivary gland inside the lower jaw on either side that produces most of the nocturnal saliva |
| sublingual gland | small salivary gland located on either side of the mouth under the tongue that produces the viscous component of saliva |
| dentition | teeth |
| deciduous | baby teeth |
| incisor | tooth shaped like chisel that bites off pieces of food |
| canine | tooth that pierces or tears food |
| premolar | tooth that grinds food; also known as bicuspid |
| bicuspid | tooth that grinds food; also known as premolar |
| molars | tooth with broad crown that grinds food |
| gingiva | tissue of jaws that surrounds teeth; also known as gums |
| crown | portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel |
| dentin | yellowish bony tissue beneath the enamel of a tooth |
| pulp cavity | innermost part of the tooth containing the nerve endings and blood vessels |
| cementum | protective layer covering the root of the tooth |
| periodontal membrane | membrane that holds the tooth in place |
| caries | cavity; deterioration or demineralization of the tooth enamel and dentin due to bacteria |
| dental plaque | build up of sugar, bacteria, and other debris that adheres to the surface of the teeth |
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