Cell Division - Mitosis Only (Honors)
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Created by:
mrparker71 Plus on February 1, 2011
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell division | The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells (p. 127). |
| chromosome | Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next; a typical human body cell has 46 of these (p. 126). |
| chromatid | One of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome (p. 128). |
| centromere | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached to one another; forms a narrow "waist" (p. 128). |
| cell cycle | The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide (p. 129). |
| interphase | Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions (p. 129). |
| G1 phase | A period during interphase in which cells do most of their growing--increasing in size and synthesizing new proteins and organelles (p. 129). |
| S phase | Period of time during interphase in which chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA takes place (p. 129). |
| G2 phase | Period of time during interphase--usually the shortest--during which many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced (p. 129). |
| M phase | This part of the cell cycle is divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (p. 129). |
| prophase | During this phase of mitosis the chromosomes become visible, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down (p. 130). |
| spindle | A fanlike microtubule structure that helps to separate the chromosomes (p. 130-131). |
| metaphase | During this phase of mitosis the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell (p. 131). |
| anaphase | During this phase of mitosis the centromeres split, allowing the chromatids to be pulled to opposite sides of the cell (p. 131). |
| telophase | During this phase of mitosis the chromosomes unwind to form chromatin, a nuclear envelope re-forms around the chromosomes, and a nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus (p. 131). |
| cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm itself; in animal cells the cell membrane is drawn inward to pinch the cytoplasm into two parts while in plants a cell plate forms between the daughter nuclei (p. 129-132). |
| homologous | Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent (p. 136). |
| IPMAT | A mnemonic (memory aid) that can be used to remember the stages of the cell cycle: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (p. 130-131). |
| 46 | The normal number of chromosomes in a typical cell of the human body. |
| centrosomes | Clouds of cytoplasmic material from which spindle microtubules emerge; in animals these contain centrioles. These are also known as microtubule-organizing centers (p. 131). |
| kinetochore | A protein structure on each chromatid located at the centromere region to which spindle microtubules attach (p. 130-131) |
| cell plate | The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two (p.132). |
| cleavage furrow | A shallow groove in the surface of an animal cell; the first sign of cleavage (cytokinesis) (p. 132). |
| metaphase plate | An imaginary plane equidistant between the two poles of the spindle along which the centromeres of the chromosomes line up during metaphase (p. 131). |
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