| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Ampulla | This is a dilation of the lacrimal duct where milk accumulates when an infant is nursing. Functionally it acts much like a turkey baster bulb. |
| Areola | A circular area of skin that surrounds the nipple. It is usually pigmented, and often becomes more pigmented during pregnancy. It is possible that this helps infants visually locate the nipple. |
| Anterior Axillary Fold | This is another name for the pectoral fold, this extends from the pectoral region toward the arm. |
| Acromion Process | Physically, this landmark is a projection of the spine of the scapula. It articulates with the acromial end (distal end) of the clavicle. |
| Distal End of Clavicle | This is another name for the acromial end of the clavicle. |
| Apex of the Heart | This is the pointed inferior end of the heart. It usually comes in contact with the thoracic wall at intercostal space 5, midclavicular, left side |
| Coracoid Process | This process of the scapula is the origin for the biceps brachii, the coracobrachialis and is the insertion for the pectoralis minor |
| Axillary Tail | This portion of the mammary gland extends toward the axilla, making the shape of the breast almost like a tear drop. The answer is two words, the first of which has eight letters. |
| Cooper's Ligament | This structure is primarily connective tissue found between the lactiferous glands of the breast. They extend through the mammary gland from the skin to the superficial muscle. Functionally they are important because the provide support to the mammary gland. The answer does not begin with an "S". |
| Costal Margin | The is the curved line that follows the inferior most ribs. In terms of surface anatomy, it is the physical border between the abdomen and thoracic cavity. |
| Angle of Louis | This is the manubriosternal joint and is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. It is an important landmark as it is where the costal cartilage of rib 2, the first rib that can be palpated, joins the sternum. The answer does not begin with an "S". |
| Endocrine Glands | A gland that produces hormones. These glands lack ducts. Their secretions are usually distributed by the circulatory system or the lymphatic system. |
| Clavicle | This bone and the scapula make up the pectoral girdle |
| Axial Tail | This portion of the mammary gland extends toward the axilla, making the shape of the breast almost like a tear drop. The answer is two words, the first of which has five letters. |
| Intercostal Space | This is the space between the ribs. This space is occupied by the intercostal muscles. The number of the space is the same as the rib superior to the space |
| Exocrine Gland | A gland that produces secretions that pass through a duct (except for one-celled goblet cells). The secretions pass into a cavity or onto the surface of the body. |
| Midsternal Line | This is a topographic landmark. It is a vertical line passing along the middle of the sternum. |
| Lactiferous Gland | An exocrine gland capable of producing milk when stimulated by prolactin, a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, during pregnancy. A normal man or woman has between 30 and 50 of these glands. These glands do not usually develop in males. Their development is primarily controlled by the hormone estrogen. When palpated they normally have a rough texture. They are modified sweat glands. |
| Midclavicular Line | This is a topographic landmark. It is a vertical line passing approximately 4 inches or 10 centimeters left and right of the midsternal line. |
| Lactiferous Duct | This structure transports milk from the lactiferous gland to the nipple. It DOES NOT PRODUCE MILK, IT TRANSPORTS IT. |
| Pectoralis Major | This is one of the muscles on the deep side of the mammary gland. It is the most superficial of those muscles |
| Midaxillary Line | This is a topographic landmark. It is a vertical line passing through the center of the axilla |
| Manubriosternal Joint | This is joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. It is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. It is an important landmark as it is where the costal cartilage of rib 2, the first rib that can be palpated, joins the sternum. The answer does not begin with "S" or "A". |
| Jugular Notch | This is a depression at the superior end of the manubrium. It is significant because the trachea lies deep to the skin. A tracheotomy can be performed at this landmark. Normally it is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 2 and 3. The answer does not begin with "S". |
| Manubrium | This is an alternate name for the most superior sternebra. The answer does not start with an "H |
| Lactiferous Sinus | This is a dilation of the lacrimal duct where milk accumulates when an infant is nursing. Functionally it acts much like a turkey baster bulb. The first letter of the answer is not "A". |
| Pectoral Fold | This is another name for the anterior axillary fold, this extends from the pectoral region toward the arm |
| Lungs | These organs are responsible for respiratory gas exchange between the blood and the air |
| Nipple | This structure normally projects from the middle of the areola. It is where the lactiferous ducts open to the outside. Functionally it is important as this is normally where an infant can receive milk from the parent. |
| Handle | This is an alternate name for the most superior sternebra. The answer does not start with an "M". |
| Male Nipple | This landmark is found at the intersection of intercostal space 4 and the midclavicular line on the left and the right sides of a male. A homologous structure is found at the same place on prepubescent females. |
| Intercostal Space 4 | The space inferior to rib 4. This space is occupied by intercostal muscle |
| Xiphoid Process | This is the inferior most sternebra. In a young person it is hyaline cartilage, but is bone by the time one is 40 years old. It is sometimes broken when a person receives CPR. |
| Supraclavicular Fossa | This surface landmark of the thoracic wall is a depression superior to the clavicle. One would find the superior lobe of the lung deep to this area. |
| Spine of the Scapula | This landmark of the scapula lies at the level of thoracic vertebra 3, spinous process. It separates the supraspinous fossa from the infraspinous fossa. It serves as part of the origin of the deltoid muscle as well as the insertion of part of the trapezius muscle. |
| Suprasternal Notch | This is a depression at the superior end of the manubrium. It is significant because the trachea lies deep to the skin. A tracheotomy can be performed at this landmark. Normally it is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 2 and 3. The answer does not begin with a "J". |
| Septum | Technically this term refers to a wall, but in this case it is a feature within the mammary gland |
| Sternal Angle | This is a name for the manubriosternal joint and is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. It is an important landmark as it is where the costal cartilage of rib 2, the first rib that can be palpated, joins the sternum. This name does not begin with "A". |
| Suspensory Ligament | This structure is primarily connective tissue found between the lactiferous glands of the breast. They extend through the mammary gland from the skin to the superficial muscle. Functionally they are important because the provide support to the mammary gland |
| Scapular Line | This is a topographic landmark. It is a vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula |
| Rib 2 | This is the first rib that can normally be palpated on the anterior side of the thoracic wall. |
| Sebaceous Gland | This is an exocrine gland found in the skin. It produces an oily secretion called sebum. This secretion reduces cracking of the skin. |
| Vertebral Border | This is a topographic landmark. It is a vertical line passing along the border of the vertebral column |
| Trachea | A tube connecting the larynx with the primary bronchi. This structure is reinforced with 16 to 20 "C" shaped cartilaginous rings to prevent it from collapsing when the pressure inside drops. The diameter of the rings is approximately 1.5 inches. It is lined with ciliated epithelial cells that sweep mucous upward toward the pharynx. |
| Sweat Gland | This is an exocrine gland that produces sweat. The water comes from the blood and as it evaporates it cools the body. A normal person has on the order of 2.5 million of them |
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