Q4 - Rib cage, intercostal structures, veterbral column, spinal cord, meninges, sternum, Q4
About this set
Created by:
pattybearski on October 3, 2008
Subjects:
Classes:
DR J Anatomy, Anatomy Anonymous
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Body of the Sternum | This is a structure made of four fused bones. It looks like a small sword. This name does not begin with "G". |
| Body of the vertebra | This is a relatively large portion of each vertebra. The intervertebral disc attaches to it. This portion is responsible for transfering most of the weight to the vertebra inferior to it. |
| Articular Process | This is a landmark on the vertebrae where two vertebrae articulate with each other. You could pinch this. |
| Afferent Neurons | A neuron that usually conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. This is a functional classification. The answer does not begin with "S". |
| 5 fused Vertebrae | This is what the sacrum is |
| Articular Cartilage | This covers the articular surfaces of the bones that form the joint. This is primarily hyaline cartilage and is very smooth. Functionally this fact is important as the smooth cartilage is lubricated with synovial fluid, thereby reducing friction in the joint. They also help distribute pressure during movement as well as absorb shock |
| Anterior Root | This is the name of the bundle of efferent neurons that leave the spinal cord |
| Anterior Ramus | This structure has mixed neurons, that is afferent and efferent. It moves toward the anterior |
| Anulus fibrosus | This is a structure that surrounds the intervertebral disc. It is made up of three layers of fibrous connective tissue. The fibers are oriented obliquely to each other, thereby increasing the strength of the structure. |
| Arachnoid mater | The middle layer of the meninges that derives its name from the fact that it resembles a spider web. It is impermeable to the cerebrospinal fluid. It is anchored to the underlying tissues by rootlets. |
| Atlas | This is the name given to the first cervical vertebra (C1). It is unusual in that it lacks a body of its own and also lacks a well developed spinous process |
| Brain | This organ plus the spinal cord make up the central nervous system |
| Axis | This is the name given to the second cervical vertebra (C2). It is unusual in that it has the dens (odontoid process) that the atlas rotates around when one shakes their head 'no'. |
| Axial Skeleton | This is made up of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum. It is one of the two physical divisions of the skeletal system. The other physical division is the appendicular skeleton. |
| Angle of Louis | This is the manubriosternal joint and is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. It is an important landmark as it is where the costal cartilage of rib 2, the first rib that can be palpated, joins the sternum. This answer does not begin with "S". |
| Gladiolus | This is a structure made of four fused bones. It looks like a small sword. This name does not begin with "B |
| Articular Facet | This is where two vertebrae articulate. There will be one pair of them on the superior side of the vertebrae and one pair on the inferior side of the vertebrae. They are on an oblique plane in the cervical region, nearly a coronal plane in the thoracic region, and in a sagittal plane in the lumbar region. The oblique plane of the cervical vertebrae increase the range of motion possible for the neck. The coronal plane of the thoracic vertebrae allow for some torsion, but not too much because of the ribs. The sagittal plane of the lumbar vertebrae allow for the most flexibility in anterior/posterior direction. |
| Coccygeal Vertebrae | There may be between 3 and 5 of these in a human, although most people have 4. They are inferior to the sacrum and usually the last several of these are fused together. |
| Filum Terminale | This structure is made up of pia mater. It anchors the brain and spinal cord to the coccyx |
| False Ribs | This is the name for three pair of ribs that articulate with the sternum by way of the costal cartilage of rib 7. |
| Efferent Neurons | This is the name for neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to an organ. This is a functional classification. The answer does not begin with "M". |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | This fluid originates from the brain. It is found in cavities of the central nervous system as well as between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. Functionally it is very important in reducing the potential of physical shock to the central nervous system. It also helps provide nutrients to the brain while removing waste products and provides a bath in which the brain floats. |
| Demifacet | This is actually half of a facet and is where the head of the rib articulates. The superior one receives the head of the rib with the same number as the vertebra of interest. The inferior one receives the head of the rib with a number greater than the number of the vertebra. |
| Floating Ribs | This is the name for two pair of ribs that do not articulate with the sternum |
| Coronal Plane | A plane that cuts a human into anterior and posterior portions. This plane would cut a cat into ventral and dorsal portions. It is also the plane of articular facets for the thoracic vertebrae |
| Coccyx | This is name for the inferior-most 4 vertebrae although it varies from 2 to 5 vertebrae. Usually the inferior vertebrae are fused together, while the vertebra that is most superior may not be fused to the sacrum. It can be broken during a fall, or sometime during the delivery of a baby. |
| Gray Matter | This is the central portion (control center) of the spinal cord and the outer portion of the brain. This is where the cell bodies of the interneurons and motor neurons exist |
| Foramen Magnum | This is of functional importance since it provides for the passage of the spinal cord. It gets progressively smaller as one moves inferiorly. The large size is not necessary in the inferior regions because the spinal cord becomes smaller in diameter as it moves inferiorly. This occurs because the spinal nerves are leaving it at each intervertebral foramen |
| Cranial Nerves | There are twelve pair of these. They are numbered with Roman numerals and they come directly from the brain |
| Handle | This structure articulates inferiorly with the body of the sternum (this is the sternal angle or angle of Louis). It also articulates with the clavicle, rib 1 and the superior half of rib 2 on each side. It forms part of the origin of pectoralis major as well as part of the origin for the sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles. The answer does not begin with "M". |
| Interneurons | These cells are completely within the central nervous system. They transmit impulses between the sensory neurons and the brain, the brain and the motor neurons, and in reflex arcs between the sensory and motor neurons. This is a functional classification |
| Nucleus Pulposus | This material is found in the middle of the vertebral discs. It is fluid and helps absorb shock and reduce friction between the articular cartilage that covers the bodies of the vertebrae. It also inflates the disc and gives rise to the vertebral curves. This material is gradually is reabsorbed as one gets older which results in loss of height and flexibility |
| Impermeable Layer | When a layer of material does not let things leak across it it is said to be this |
| Potential Space | When two structures are touching each other, but are not physically attached we say this is between them. For example, there is one between the dura mater and arachnoid mater. Normally they touch each other. It would be possible for this space to expand, as with a subdural hematoma. |
| Posterior Ramus | This is the name for the bundle of neurons that leaves the intervertebral foramen and passes to the posterior side of the body. |
| Manubrium | This structure articulates inferiorly with the body of the sternum (this is the sternal angle or angle of Louis). It also articulates with the clavicle, rib 1 and the superior half of rib 2 on each side. It forms part of the origin of pectoralis major as well as part of the origin for the sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles. The answer does not begin with "H". |
| Motor Neurons | These are cells that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to an organ. This is a functional classification. This answer does not begin with "E". |
| Posterior Root | This is the name for the bundle of afferent neurons that pass from the intervertebral foramen to the spinal cord |
| 4 Fused Sternebrae | This is what makes up the body of the sternum |
| Lumbar Vertebrae | There are five these. They can be recognized by several features. They have a short, blunt spinous process that projects in a posterior direction. Their transverse processes project laterally and are relatively long. They have relatively small vertebral foramina since the spinal cord is very thin by the time it gets to this region. The articulations between these vertebrae are in a sagittal plane. In the adult the body is relatively large when compared to vertebrae from other regions |
| Pia Mater | Translated this name means 'delicate mother'. It is a thin, vascular layer found covering the central nervous system. It shares its blood supply with the underlying nerve tissue. |
| Oblique Plane | The articular facets of the cervical vertebrae articulate in this plane |
| Meninges | These are coverings of the central nervous system. Functionally they are important for the protection they give to the CNS. There are three layers. From superficial to deep they are: 1. dura mater, 2. arachnoid mater, 3. pia mater. |
| Dura mater | Translated this means 'tough mother' - you may know someone who fits this description. It is the outer layer of the meninges. Functionally it is important because it reduces the risk of abrasion of the inner layers and the central nervous system |
| Intervertebral Discs | These structures exist between the vertebrae. They are composed of three parts; the articular cartilage on the surfaces of the vertebral bodies, the anulus fibrosus that surrounds the structure, and the nucleus pulposus. Functionally they are important because they are responsible for the curvatures that develop in the normal vertebral column and they help in absorbing shock that is transferred to the vertebral column. Collectively they are responsible for about 25% of the length of the vertebral column. |
| Transverse Foramen | This is an opening in the transverse process that is found only on cervical vertebrae. It accomodates the vertebral artery and vein. These vessels are important because they serve the brain. |
| Transverse Process | This structure is a part of a vertebra that usually extends laterally from the junction of the pedicle and the lamina. |
| Neurovascular Bundle | This is the name for a group of structures that includes an artery, a vein, and a nerve. Typically these structures run together as a group. |
| Subarachnoid Space | This is the name of the space that exists between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. It is normally filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
| Sternum | This is a structure that is made up of 6 bones in adults. The central four are fused. It is found on the anterior wall of the thoracic cavity. |
| Sensory Neurons | This is the name for neurons that usually conduct impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. This is a functional classification. The answer does not begin with "A". |
| Sternebrae | This is the name of the 6 fused bones that form the sternum |
| True Ribs | This is the name for the superior seven pair of ribs in a normal individual. |
| Sacral Vertebrae | This is the name of a group of five fused vertebrae. They are the most unusual of all the vertebrae. Superiorly they articulate with the fifth lumbar vertebra. Inferiorly they articulate with the coccyx |
| Sternal Angle | This is the manubriosternal joint and is at the level between the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. It is an important landmark as it is where the costal cartilage of rib 2, the first rib that can be palpated, joins the sternum. The answer does not begin with "A". |
| Rib | This is the name of a structure that is usually only found in the thoracic region of the body. There are 12 pair of them and they all articulate with the vertebral column on the posterior side of the body. The intercostal muscles are found between them. |
| Spinal Nerves | There are normally 31or 32 pair of these. They arise from or return to the spinal cord |
| Spinal Cord | This structure along with the brain form the central nervous system. It is found in the vertebral foramen. It tapers as it passes inferiorly and usually ends at the level of the inferior edge of lumbar vertebra 1 body. |
| Sacral Vertebrae 2 | This is the level to which the dura and arachnoid mater normally descend to |
| Thoracic Vertebrae | This is the name for twelve vertebrae that are easily recognized because from the posterior side they look like the head of a giraffe. The distinguishing characteristics that should be used on a quiz include the long spinous process that points in an inferior direction. Also, we find the transverse process projects posteriorly like a "V". We find articulations for the ribs including the transverse costal facet, the superior costal demifacet, and the inferior costal demifacet. Lastly, the articulations between adjacent vertebrae are nearly in a coronal plane. |
| Neurovascular Bundle | This is the name given to an artery, a vein, and a nerve that run together |
| Cervical Vertebrae | This is the name of the seven vertebrae that are superior to the others. They are unique in several ways. Most have a bifid spinous process. They have a transverse foramen that houses the vertebral artery and vein. These vessels are of particular importance because they serve the brain. Their articulations are in a oblique plane. In the adult the body will be smaller than that of the other areas as they carry less weight. They have a relatively large vertebral foramen as the spinal cord is largest at its superior end. |
| Vertebral Foramen | This feature is of functional importance since it provides for the passage of the spinal cord. It gets progressively smaller as one moves inferiorly. The large size is not necessary in the inferior regions because the spinal cord becomes smaller in diameter as it moves inferiorly. This occurs because the spinal nerves are leaving it at each intervertebral foramen. The spinal cord normally ends in the adult human at the level of the inferior edge of L1 body. |
| Xiphoid Process | This structure is the most inferior of the sternebrae. In a young person it is hyaline cartilage, but is bone by the time one is 40 years old. It is sometimes broken when a person receives CPR. |
| Sagittal Plane | This is the name of a plane that cuts a human or cat into left and right portions. It is also the name of the orientation of the articulations of the lumbar vertebrae. |
| Spinous Process | This is the name of the portion of a vertebra that projects in the posterior direction. In the thoracic region it also projects inferiorly |
| White Matter | This is the outer portion of the spinal cord and the central portion of the brain. This contains the axons of the neurons, but no cell bodies. The myelin sheath that insulates the axons is responsible for the color. Functionally it is important because these axons allow the parts of the central nervous system to communicate with each other. |
| Inferior Side of Rib | The subcostal groove is on the deep side of the rib and it would be found in this location on the deep side |
| Cauda Equina | This portion of the spinal cord and meninges resembles a horse's tailide of the body from the intervertebral foramen |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.