Lecture 3: Parietal, occipital, Temporal lobes, Ventricular system, Brainstem, Pons & Diencephalon
About this set
Created by:
Meganmichelle2 Plus on February 1, 2011
Subjects:
neural bases for the study of communication disorders
Classes:
neural bases for the study of communication disorders
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
92 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Parietal lobe | positioned posterior to frontal lobe and superior to the occipital. |
| Central sulcus | On the parietal lobe: separates the parietal lobe from the frontal. |
| lateral sulcus | On the parietal lobe: separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe anteriorly and separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe posteriorly |
| somatosensory cortex | The functional descritpional name On the parietal lobe: somesthetic processing. Located on the gyrus behind the central sulcus is the post central gyrus. |
| postcentral gyrus | On the parietal lobe: A gyrus called the primary somatosensory cortex. positioned posterior to the central sulcus. within this there is a sensory homonculus: touch, pain, sharpness, temperature. |
| Preoccipital notch | On the parietal lobe: a notch on the inferior portion of the parietal lobe which separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe. |
| intra parietal sulcus | On the parietal lobe: (horizontal) a sulcus that separates the parietal lobe into 2 smaller lobules: Superior Lobule Inferior Lobule |
| Supramarginal gyrus, Angular gyrus | These gyri continue to certain brain functions / damage to these gyri can result in: Impairments in... Alexia-reading Agraphia-writing Acalculia-doing math |
| Temporal lobe | Lobe of the brain: inferior frontal lobe & anterior to the occipital lobe. Has the primary auditory cortex, wernicke's, associated with hearing-also limbic system. |
| Temporal lobe | Lobe of the brain: ____________ houses wernicke's area Brodmanns 22. Language motor cortex. Positioned at the posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus. On the dominate hemisphere. |
| transverse gyri of heschl | On the Temporal lobe: Deep within the lateral sulcus you can see a few of these. A part of the superior temporal gyrus but you cant see them Brodmanns 41+42(primary auditory cortex) |
| primary auditory cortex | On the Temporal lobe: Brodmanns 41+42 |
| Tonotopic Organization | On the Temporal lobe: of the sounds on our auditory cortex (hearing homunculus) |
| Planun temporale | On the Temporal lobe: a smooth area at the posterior aspect of superior temporal gyrus (right before wernickes) |
| Parahippocampal gyrus | On the Temporal lobe: positioned medial to the Inferior temporal gyrus a part of the limbic system |
| Uncus | On the Temporal lobe: positioned at the medial aspect of the temporal lobe near the Hypothalamus ________ is considered to be a part of the limbic system rage fear emotion feelings |
| occipital lobe | Lobe of the brain that is the most posterior lobe of the brain primarily associated with vision (Brodmann's 17) mainly visual at the lateral medial aspect of the brain |
| Calcarine fissure | On the occipital lobe: a sulcus that separates the primary visual cortex into superior & inferior operculum. (upper and lower operculum Positioned at the medial aspect of the occipital lobe. |
| Primary visual cortex | On occipital lobe: surrounds the calcarine fissure. Referred to as Brodmann's area 17 |
| Lingual Gyrus | On the occipital lobe: Anatomical name. Positioned inferior to or bellow the Calcarine fissure. |
| Insula | There is an ____________ lobe on each side. Made up of parallel Gyri. The ______ lobe is lateral to the corpus callosum. |
| Circular sulcus | a sulcus that borders the insula lobe. |
| insula lobe | *associated with the limbic system *autonomic info processing(fight & flight) *viscera functions-body functions *association with olfactory system. |
| Corpus callosum | toward the center of the brain. The largest connection between the right and left hemispheres. Only visible at mid-sagittal view The insula lobe is lateral to the corpus callosum. Referred to as inter hemispheric commissural fiber. Corpus callosum is Myelinated (white matter) It inter connects different cortical areas. |
| Rostrum | A portion of the corpus callosum. The most anterior portion. |
| Genu | A portion of the corpus callosum. The knee of the C C |
| Body | A portion of the corpus callosum. The middle of the C C |
| Splenium | A portion of the corpus callosum. The posterior portion of the C C. |
| Septal region | Not a part of the C C but associated with it. The cortical area which lies below the rostrum. |
| Cingulate Gyrus | Superior to the corpus Callosum. |
| Ventricular System | The system that helps in the generation and circulation of the CSF produced by an area within the lateral ventricles referred to as the Choroid Plexus. |
| Choroid Plexus | area within the lateral ventricles that produces CSF |
| 4 | How many ventricles are there? |
| 3 | Each ventricle has ______ extensions |
| Extensions of a ventricle | Anterior Extension Posterior Extension Inferior Extension |
| Lateral ventricles | _________________ are interconnected by a foramen (Foramen of Monro) |
| Foramen of Monro | connects the lateral ventricles into the 3rd ventricle |
| 3rd ventricle | This ventricle is located between the 2 thalami (pleural for thalamus) *becomes so thin at one point so that Right and left thalamus are some what connected. The Inter thalamic adhesion |
| Interthalamic adhesion | where the thalamus becomes so thin at one point that right and left thalamus are some what connected. |
| Ventricle | a hollow part or cavity in an organ, each of the four connected fluid-filled cavities in the center of the brain. |
| 4th ventricle | has a triangular floor is at the level of Pons and medulla of brainstem. The floor of this ventricle has important brain nuclei. |
| Cerebral aqueduct | connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle. |
| Foramen of Luschka | (L) small openings on the sides of the 4th ventricle-these openings are connected to the sub-arachnoid space of Meninges. (canals or openings that bring or connect the 4th ventricle to the Sub arachnoid space) |
| Foramen of Magendi | (M) small opening at the tip of the 4th ventricle-this opening is connected to the sub-arachnoid space of Meninges. (canals or openings that bring or connect the 4th ventricle to the Sub arachnoid space) |
| 4th ventricle | The brain stem is basically surrounding the _______________ ________________ |
| Central canal | connected to the 4th ventricle to get CSF to the spinal cord. |
| Brainstem | Made up of 3 portions Medulla oblongata- spinal cord Pons- Midbrain-has major nuclei |
| Medulla oblongata | *The most inferior part of the brainstem. Connects to the spinal cord, name changed to this at foramen Magnum. *all nerves pass through this. *close to the cerebellum * extensions/emerging fibers from here are the cranial nerves. *looks like a cone |
| Medulla oblongata | At the dorsal aspect of the _________ ____________ there are 2 columns that carry sensory information. (sensory pathway) *Fasciculus gracilis -more medial *Fasciculus cuneatus - more lateral Fine descrimnatory (hot, cold, sharp) somatosensory |
| Dorsal | Sensor information is on what aspect of medulla? |
| Anterior | Motor fibers run on what aspect of medulla? |
| Fasciculus gracilis | found within the medulla- more medial- relays general sensory info from the lower half of the body to the nucleus gracilis. |
| Fasciculus cuneatus | found within the medulla- relays general sensory info from the upper half of the body to the nucleus cuneatus. |
| Obex | found within the medulla -Anatomical landmark for the inferior tip of the 4th ventricle. |
| Pyramid | found within the medulla - anterior/ventral aspect of the medulla, a longitudinal swelling which contains descending motor fibers. *made of pyramidal tracts. |
| Cortical spinal tract | found within the medulla *a pyramidal tract that travels from cortex to spinal cord. Carries motor information, brings motor commands from the cortex to a variety of structures in the body via the spinal cord. A majority of the info is transmitted into the skeletory muscles (voluntary muscles) |
| 10 | ______ of 12 cranial nerves arise from the brainstem. Nerve rootlets |
| Pyramidal decussation | found within the medulla (crossover) At the pyramid of medulla there is a place called ___________ __________________ where the fibers from left pyramidal tract and right pyramidal tract cross over. |
| Inferior olivary nucleus | found within the medulla - sends fibers to the cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle. ***The connection between the inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellum is important for motor activity. |
| inferior cerebellar peduncle | found within the medulla The Inferior olivary nucleus sends fibers to the cerebellum through this. ***The connection between the inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellum is important for motor activity. |
| inferior olivary nucleus | The connection between the _________ ________ _________ and cerebellum is important for motor activity. |
| nerves | When the cranial nerves come out from medulla they are fibers but when they leave CNS then the are called ________. They puncture the meninges. |
| Cerebellaopontine angle | Anatomical landmark. The place where pons and medulla and cerebellum come together. This is where 2 important cranial nerves arise. 7 (facial) & 8 ( acoustic nerves) |
| Acoustic tubercle | a swelling associated with the ascending auditory pathway at the level of medulla. |
| respiratory center | a function center in medulla which controls the rythm and rate of breathing. |
| Vasomotor center | a function center in medulla which controls and monitors the diameter of vessels. |
| Cardiac center | a function center in medulla which controls the heartbeat. |
| Pons | the intermediate portion of the brainstem in between midbrain and medulla. **has a convex ventral aspect like a belly. Has 3 peduncles |
| Middle cerebellar peduncle | This is also called the brachium pontis, which connects the pons (brainstem) to the cerebellum. Contains all the fibers from the pons to the cerebellum |
| brachium pontis | This is also called the Middle cerebellar peduncle, which connects the pons (brainstem) to the cerebellum. Contains all the fibers from the pons to the cerebellum |
| Inferior cerebellar peduncle | This is also called the restiform body. It connects the medulla (brainstem) to the cerebellum. Contains most afferent inputs to the cerebellum. |
| restiform body | This is also called the Inferior cerebellar peduncle. It connects the medulla (brainstem) to the cerebellum. Contains most afferent inputs to the cerebellum. |
| Superior cerebellar peduncle | This is also called the brachium conjunctivum, which connects the cerebellum to the midbrain (brainstem). It contains most of the output of the cerebellum from deep cerebellar nuclei. |
| brachium conjunctivum | This is also called the Superior cerebellar peduncle, which connects the cerebellum to the midbrain (brainstem). It contains most of the output of the cerebellum from deep cerebellar nuclei. |
| 3 & 5 | Cranial _____ & _______ emerge from the dorsal aspect of pons |
| pontine nuclei | Within the pons there are multiple nuclei called _________________. They help in the motor iniation and motor planning. They have connections to vistibular and cerebellar areas |
| Midbrain | Superior to pons. |
| Cerebral peduncle | Aka: midbrain Includes the R & L crus cerebri & the interpeduncular fossa (do not confuse with cerebellar peduncle) |
| crus cerebri | Located at the anterior and lateral aspect of the midbrain. |
| interpeduncular fossa | the gap between right and left cruse cerebri. The 3rd cranial nerve: Occula motor nerve emerges from the inter-peduncular area. |
| Corpora quadrigemina | Association with 4 bodies. An accumulation of 4 nuclei at the DORSAL aspect of the midbrain (cant see it at ventral) Superior colliculi & Inferior colliculi (2 of each) |
| Inferior colliculi | auditory relay nuclei-transmit auditory onfo from midbrain to thalamus. The largest nucleus of the auditory system especially at the level of midbrain. |
| Superior colliculi | nuclei that participate in the visual reflexes and control eye movement. |
| Diencephalon | "between brains" Located between brainstem and cerebral hemispheres. The place where the 2nd cranial nerve emerge (optic nerve) *contains many nuclei The largest nucleus is the Thalamus |
| Thalamus | An oval nuclear mass. Located within the diencephalon. The largest nucleus. Called the sensory gateway of the brain. |
| Hypothalamus | Located inferior to the thalamus within the diencephalon. Contains a variety of nuclei that regulate Endocrine functions that regulate: body heat, water intake, and hormone production. |
| Medial geniculate body | relay nucleus for auditory stimuli or info to cortex |
| Lateral geniculate body | Relays visual stimuli or visual info to cortex. |
| Sub Thalamus | more inside of diencephalon (internal part) |
| Epithalamus | another portion of diencephalon has several portions *Pineal body *Stria Medullaris * Habenulla |
| inter hemispheric commissural fiber | What is another name for corpus callosum? |
| corpus callosum | What part of the brain inter connects different cortical areas? |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.