Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

What are solitary genes They are genes found only once in the genome and are about 50% of the protein coding genes What are duplicated genes They are multiple genes of close but not identical sequence and encode homologous proteins that constitute a gene family. They arise at gene duplication events What is the purpose of repetitive elements They facilitate recombination and gene duplication events What is a pseudogene It is a gene with a sequence similar to that of a functional gene but doesn't encode a functional protein due to improper processing, premature translation stop and a non functional promoter. What is satellite DNA It is simple sequence repeat DNA what can vary between individuals ( about 6% of the genome) What are minisatellites They are 14-100 bps long and have 20-50 repeat units What are microsatellites They are very short repeat units, app. 1-13 bps with 150 or fewer repeats How do microsatellite sequences come about? They are the result of backward slippage (sloppy replication) What is an example of a disease where microsatellites are the cause Myotonic dystrophy is a disease where there are 100-4000 repeats of CUG and the resulting RNA has long stable hairpins that interrupt with normal RNA processing What are transposable elements They are a situation that arises then DNA moves on and between chromosomes What are 2 characteristics about RNA 1. It catalyzes chemical reactions 2. It can store genetic information What makes RNA a good catalyst 1. It has the ability to form secondary structures 2. The 2' OH makes it reactive What is the pattern of histone modification on inactive X chromosome Methylation on H3 at K-9 and K27