Medsurge Midterm 1
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hypokalemia | occurs with GI and renal losses |
| Hyperkalemia | occurs with adrenal insufficiency |
| Hyponatremia | occurs with increased thirst and ADH release |
| Hypernatremia | results from increase insensible losses and diabetes insipidus. |
| urine specific gravity | is increased in relation to kidneys attempt to conserve water and is decreased with diabetes insipidus. |
| Aldosterone | is secreted when fluid volume is low causing reabsorption of sodium and chloride. |
| Isotonic electrolyte solutions (lactated ringers and 0.9% sodium chloride) | frequently used to treat a hypotensive patient with FVD (hypovolemia) because they expand plasma volume. |
| hypotonic electrolyte solution (0.45% sodium chloride) | When the patient becomes normotensive, this solution is often used to provide both electrolytes and water for normal excretion of metabolic wastes. |
| acute tubular necrosis | Prolonged FVD may cause a serious problem with renal function. The HCP needs to see if oliguria is produced from FVD or more seriously, produced by _______ ______ _______ from prolonged FVD. The fluid challenge test will verify this problem. |
| Eight | Fluid Volume deficit should be monitored at least every ___ hours. Shock can occur if 25% or more of the intravascular volume is depleted. |
| Symptoms associated with FVD | a decrease in body temperature, loss of a pound roughly represents 500mL of fluid loss. weak rapid pulse, orthostatic hypotension, cold extremities, declined mental function, additional longitudinal furrows on the tongue and tongue is smaller, low central venous pressure. |
| Hypervolemia | always secondary to an increased total body sodium content. |
| Symptoms of hypervolemia | edema, distended neck veins, crackles, tachycardia, hypertension, increased pulse pressure, increased central venous pressure, increased weight, increased urine, shortness of breath or wheezing. |
| Hypervolemic lab values | low BUN and hematocrit levels |
| Hypervolemia | occurs when aldosterone is chronically stimulated and the sodium level in urine does not rise |
| Thiazide diuretics | block 5% to 10% of total sodium reabsorption by blocking the distal tubule |
| Loop diuretics | block 20 to 30% of total sodium reabsorption by blocking sodium reabsorption in the loop of henle |
| Potassium | electrolyte to watch when administering diuretics because hypo or hyperkalemia may occur, depending on where the diuretics work in the kidney. (Hyperkalemia can only occur if diuretics are used in the last distal tubule, ie. spironolectone) |
| the sodium salt sodium chloride | is the type of salt that contributes to edema. |
| stimulates renin release | Decreased arterial blood pressure decreased renal blood flow increased renal sympathetic nerve activity low-salt diet can stimulate renin release |
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