Chapter 5 ~ Diseases and Disorders
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fryburger67 on February 2, 2011
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 achondroplasia | abnormal, slow growth of long bones; results in unusually short, stocky limbs |
| ankylosis | abnormal condition of joint stiffness |
| arthritis | inflammation and degeneration of a joint |
| arthrochondritis | inflammation of cartilages within joints |
| bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| bursolith | a calcium deposit (or stone) within a bursa |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | repetitive stress injury in which the nerves of the wrist generate pain impulses due to inflammation of synovial sheaths |
| carpoptosis | dropping of the wrist; also called wrist drop |
| chondromalacia | deterioration or softening of cartilage |
| cramps | prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions |
| cranioschisis | a fissure of the skull present at birth |
| disktis | inflammation of an intervertebral disk |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | a congenital (at birth) condition that results in progressive muscular weakness and deterioration |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the cartilages of the elbow |
| fracture | a break in a bone |
| gout | abnormal deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints (usually the big toe joints) ;causes localized pain; also called gouty arthritis |
| herniated disk | a rupture of an intervertebral disk; results in the protrusion of tissue against spinal nerves, which generates pain |
| kyphosis | a deformity of the spine characterized by the presence of a hump; also called hunchback |
| lateral epicondylitis | inflammation of the lateral tendon of the elbow; also called tennis elbow |
| lordosis | a deformity of the spine characterized by an anterior curve of the lumbar area; also called swayback |
| Marfan's syndrome | inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms and legs |
| maxillitis | inflammation of the maxilla |
| meniscitis | inflammation of a meniscus |
| myasthenia gravis | weakness in the muscles |
| myeloma | a tumor composed of bone marrow cells |
| myoclonus | a spasm or twitching of a muscle or muscle group |
| myocele | protrusion of a muscle through its fascia |
| myositis | inflammation of muscle tissue |
| osteitis | inflammation of a bone |
| osteitis deformans | viral infection of bone that causes deformities of the skeleton and results from acceleration of bone loss; also called Paget's disease |
| osteoarthritis | a form of arthritis characterized by an age-related deterioration of joints that is accompanied by erosion of cartilage and painful inflammation |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and associated cartilage |
| osteofibroma | a benign tumor of bone, in which the tumor contains fibrous connective tissue that surrounds bone |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | an inherited condition that results in impaired growth and fragile bones; leads to progressive skeletal deformation and frequent fractures |
| osteomalacia | a gradual and painful softening of bones |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone tissue |
| osteopetrosis | excessive formation of dense bone, which crowds out marrow cavities and leads to cutting off the blood supply to bone; also known as marble bone |
| osteoporosis | abnormal loss of bone density |
| osteosarcoma | primary cancer of bone |
| Paget's disease | viral infection of bone that deforms the skeleton due to the acceleration of bone loss; also called osteitis deformans |
| paraplegia | paralysis (loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement) of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| paresis | partial motor paralysis |
| polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles simultaneously |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four appendages |
| rheumatoid arthritis | a form of arthritis characterized by progressive, gradual joint deterioration that is caused by an autoimmune response (attack by the body's own white blood cells) |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| spinal cord injury | trauma to the spinal cord, which often results in paralysis |
| spondylarthritis | inflammation of the intervertebral joints |
| sprain | an injury that results from stretching a ligament beyond its normal range, tearing its collagen fibers |
| strain | an injury that results from stretching a muscle beyond its normal range, tearing muscle tissue |
| synoviosarcoma | cancer of a synovial membrane in a joint |
| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of a tendon and the synovial membrane that surrounds it |
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