Key Terms Ch. 5-6
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89 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Androgen | Generic term for an agent, usually a hormone that stimulates activity of the accessory male sex organs or stimulates the development of male characteristics |
| Ductule | Very small duct |
| Homeostasis | maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing |
| Scrotum | A sac of skin outside the body wall in which the testes are located. |
| Synthesis | Formation of a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements |
| Synthesize | combine and form a synthesis |
| Abscess | localized collection of pus at the site of an infection |
| Acne | inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles |
| Alopecia | partial or complete loss of hair; baldness |
| Bowen disease | form of intraepidermal carcinoma characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis |
| Celluitis | diffuse (widespread) acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
| Chloasma | pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish brown patches or spots |
| Comedo | typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris cause by accumulation of keratin, bacteria and dried sebum plugging an exretory duct of the skin |
| Dermatomycosis | infection of the skin caused by fungi |
| Ecchymosis | Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise |
| Eczema | Accute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, paplules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs and, possibly, itching |
| Erythema | Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries |
| Eschar | Damaged tissue following a severe burn |
| Impetigo | skin infection characterized by vesicles that become pustular and crusted and then rupture |
| Keratosis | Disease of the skin marked by overgrowth of horny tissue |
| Lentigo | a small brownish spot (of the pigment melanin) on the skin |
| Pallor | Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin |
| Pediculosis | Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear |
| Petechia | Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin |
| Pressure ucler | Skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually bedridden patients; also known as decubitus ulcer |
| Pruitus | severe itching |
| Psoriasis | a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales |
| Purpura | any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding |
| Scabies | Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact |
| Tinea | fungal skin infection, also called ringworm |
| Urticaria | allergic reaction of the skin characterized by elevated red patches called hives |
| Verruca | epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus |
| Vitiligo | Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches |
| Skin test (ST) | any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient's sensitivity to it |
| Chemical Peel | chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring and general keratoses |
| Debbridement | Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents |
| Dermabrasion | rubing using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away the epidermis |
| Fulguration | Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current. |
| Cryosurgery | the use of a substance at subfreezing temperature to destroy or remove tissue |
| Skin Graft | surgical procedure to transplant healthy tissue by applying it to an injured site |
| Billrubin | Orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile |
| Bolus | a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed |
| Exocrine | denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel |
| Sphincter | a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening |
| Anorexia | lack or loss of appetite for food |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection |
| Asscites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| Borborygmus | rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| Cachexia | physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer |
| Cholelithiasis | presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| Cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
| Colic | spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain |
| Crohn disease | A chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, although it may affect any portion of the intestinal tract. |
| Deglutition | act of swallowing |
| Dysentery | Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon |
| Dyspepsia | difficult digestion; indigestion |
| Dysphagia | inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing |
| Eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth |
| Fecalith | fecal concretion |
| Gastroesophageal Relux Disease (GERD) | GERD, Acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus causing inflammation and pain. |
| Halitosis | the condition of having foul smelling breath |
| Hematemesis | vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon |
| Malabsorption Syndrome | symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph |
| Melena | Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
| Obesity | an excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
| Obstipation | severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction |
| Oral Leukoplakia | Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation |
| Peristalsis | the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along |
| Pylorics Stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an abstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine |
| Regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| Steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it |
| Hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus--hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV)-causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens |
| Liver Function Tests (LFTs) | group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with biliary tract |
| Serum Bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| Stool culture | tests for microorganisms present in feces |
| Barium Enema (BE) | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series |
| Baruim swallow | Radiographic examination fo teh esophagus, stomach, and small intestines following oral administration of baruim sulfare (medium contrast) |
| Cholecystography | radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet |
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatomography (ERCP) | Endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors |
| Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTCP) | radiographic examination of bile duct structures |
| Sialography | radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts |
| Ultrasonography (US) | test that uses high-frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical sturctures and convert them into an image on a vido monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echogram |
| Nasogastric Intubation | procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; to instill medication, food, or fluids; or to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis |
| Bariactric Surgery | Group of procedures that reat morbid obesity, a conditon which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems |
| Colostomy | creation of a new opening between the colon and the abdominal wall |
| Lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves |
| Polypectomy | excision of a polyp |
| Pyloromyotomy | incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
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