Chapter 3 Palmer: Economic Renewal and The Wars of Religion
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Wars of Religion | Wars in which England, France, the Netherlands, and the Holy Roman Empire fought mainly about religion, but social, economical, and political questions were also involved. |
| Da Gama | Portuguese navigator. 1498: rounded Africa and landed on Malabar Coast |
| Albuquerque | first governor general under which permanent fortified stations were built for the Portuguese empire. |
| St. Francis Xavier | with the Jesuits, baptized millions in India, Indonesia, and Japan by 1550. |
| Magellan | Circumnavitaged the world in 1520-1522 |
| Treaty of 1494 | Treaty of Tordesillas. Split the world between Portugal and Spain. West to Spain, East to Portugal. |
| Conquistadores | Warlike gentry left idle at the end of the war with Moors. Turned to the New World to make a fortune |
| Encomienda | prevents cruelty of the native americans. Gives them a small plot of land. |
| Black Legend | Thoughts of other European countries against Spain in the New World |
| Potosi | 500,000 pounds of silver, and 10,000 pounds of gold flowed from it annually. In Peru. |
| Metizos | mixed white and Indian descent. |
| University of Lima | one of the first universities in the new world. Founded in 1551. |
| Capital | personal objects of value owned by someone |
| Entrepeneur | merchants that became bankers and rich with the new type of long-distance trading |
| "price revolution" | The steady rise in prices |
| Fugger | Rich banking family in Germany. Also dealt with spices, silks, and other eastern goods |
| Favorable balance of trade | Raise exports of finished goods, reduce exports of raw materials, and curtail all imports except of needed raw materials |
| usury | lending or practice of lending money with interest |
| commercial capitalism | Producers (spinners, weavers, hatters, metal workers, gunsmiths, glassworkers) worked to fill orders of merchants |
| Statute of Artificers of 1563 | regulated admission to apprenticeship and level of wages in various trades. Guilds ceased to have importance in England. |
| Internal tariffs | restricted free trade. Mercantilists wanted to get rid of them. |
| Chartered trading companies | Merchants and their respective governments came together to found official companies for the transocean trade. |
| Social Structure | compositions, functions, and interrelationships of social classes |
| Yeoman | small class of freeholders developed between the landed gentry and the rural poor |
| English Poor Law of 1601 | charitable relief also developed toward the end of the sixteenth century |
| Aristocracy | the former feudal class, or nobles |
| Bourgeois | middle classes |
| college | combined the work of the English grammar school with what corresponded to the first year or two of university work at Oxford or Cambridge. |
| Ursuline sisters | founded in Italy in 1535, educated girls. |
| Junkers | of northeast Germany. Lived modestly, but enjoyed independence and social superiority |
| Hereditary subjection | another name for serfdom. Hereditary subjects were the same as serfs |
| Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs | The Habsburg dynasty split between the two. |
| Siglo de oro | 1550-1650: Spains Golden Age of culture |
| Escorial | Philip II built himself a royal residence 30 miles away from Madrid. |
| Duke of Alva | along with reinforcements and Inquisition went to kill heretics of the Netherlands of Spanish rule |
| Council of Troubles | sentenced thousands to death, levied new taxes, and confiscated estates of a number of important nobles |
| William of Orange | lieutenant for Philip II in the County of Holland |
| Elizabeth I | Leader of England that helped the Netherlands |
| Duke of Norfolk | Led the Catholics of Northern England in rebellion |
| Lepanto | 1571, great naval battle of the Spanish of the coast of Greece |
| Mary Queen of Scots | next in line to the British crown due to Elizabeth's no kids |
| 1576 Don Juan | Governor General; His goal was to use Netherlands as a base to attack England |
| Prince of Parma | suceeded Don Juan. Broke the unity of the 17 provinces of the Netherlands |
| Union of Utrecht | Seven northern formed it in 1579 in response to Parma breaking the unity |
| United Provinces of the Netherlands | Formerly declared independence from Spain in 1581 (7 provinces) |
| Armada catolica | Spanish Armada; 1588 |
| 1609 Twelve Years Truce | truce between Netherlands and Spanish Dutch |
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