IB Biology SL: Cellular Respiration
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Created by:
josephinerees on February 6, 2011
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the three stages of cellular respiration? | Glycolysis, citric acid cycle and oxydative phosphorylation |
| What happens in glycolysis? | Breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate |
| What happens in the citric acid cycle? | Completes the breakdown of glucose |
| What happens in oxydative phosphorylation? | Accounts for most of the ATP synthesis |
| What processes generates most ATP? | Oxydative phosphorylation. |
| Why does oxidative phosphorylation generate most ATP? | Because it is powered by redox reactions. |
| What kind of reactions power oxidative phosphorylation? | redox |
| What is the primary source of energy in cells? | ATP |
| How does glycolysis harvest energy? | by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate |
| What is glycolysis? | the splitting of the sugar |
| What does glycolysis do? | breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate |
| Where does glycolysis occur? | cytoplasm |
| What are the two phases of glycolysis? | energy investment phase and energy pay off phase |
| Unlike the rest of aerobic respiration, glycolysis does not... | require oxygen |
| unlike the rest of aerobic respiration, which takes place in the mitochondria, glycolysis takes place in the... | cytoplasm |
| Is glycolysis part of both aerobic AND anaerobic respiration? | yes |
| What does a 2ATP investment in glycolisis result in? | a 4 ATP pay off |
| A 4 ATP pay off is a result of a... (in glycolisis) | 2 ATP investment. |
| Is pyruvate a 3 carbon compound? | yes. |
| Pyruvate is a... | 3 carbon compound. |
| Do all living things respire? | yes. |
| In glycolisis, the splitting produces energy that is stored in... | ATP |
| In glycolysis, the splitting produces energy that is stored in ATP and a molecule called... | NADH |
| In redox reactions, electrons are... | gained. |
| Are electrons gained in redox reactions? | yes. |
| What are the raw materials of glycolysis? | Glucose, 2 ATP, NAD, and enzymes. |
| What is the end product of glycolysis? (hint: 2, 4, 2) | 2 pyruvate, 4ATP, 2NADH |
| Breathing is... | a mechanical process to bring air in or to exhale |
| Cellular respiration is... (definition) | a chemical process that occurs within cells. |
| Anaerobic respiration is... | respiration withOUT oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration is... | WITH oxygen. |
| What do we need ATP for? | Activation energy. |
| Any time you have a chemical reaction, which subatomic particles are being moved around? | electrons. |
| If you do not have all the material necessary for glycolysis it will.. | stop. |
| Is there a limit to how much NAD can be used in cells? | yes. |
| Fermentation can be used to produce... | beer, yoghurt and different types of cheese. |
| What does fermentation consist of? | Glycolysis and reactions that regenerate NAD+ |
| What can the glycolysis and reactions that regenerate NAD+ be reused for? | Glycolysis. |
| What are two common types of fermentation? | Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. |
| What happens in alcohol fermentation? | Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first releasing CO2 |
| What is pyruvate converted to in two steps during alcohol fermentation? | ethanol. |
| How many steps occur during alcohol fermentation? | 2. |
| What does the first step of the fermentation process in alcohol involve? | the release of CO2 |
| What is alcohol fermentation by yeast used for? (three examples) | Brewing, winemaking, and baking. |
| What does lactic acid fermentation result in? | The production of lactate. |
| Ethanol is a... | two carbon molecule. |
| Lactate, like pyruvate, is a... | three carbon molecule. |
| What's the purpose of converting pyruvate to "ethanol and CO2" and Lactate? | To convert the NADH back to NAD. |
| What's the group that makes things like Ethanol alcohol? | OH |
| Do both Fermentation and Cellular Respiration use glycolysis to oxidize glucose (and other organic fuels) to pyruvate? | yes. |
| What is different between the processes of Fermentation and Cellular Respiration? | They have different final electron acceptors. |
| What kind of molecule is used in the final electron acceptors in fermentation? | an organic molecule. |
| What kind of molecule is used in the final electron acceptors in Cellular Respiration? | Oxygen. |
| Which produces more ATP, Fermentation or Cellular Respiration? | Cellular Respiration. |
| Does Cellular Respiration produce more ATP than Fermentation? | Yes. |
| Does Fermentation produce more ATP than Cellular Respiration? | No. |
| Are there some bacteria which cannot survive with oxygen? | yes. |
| What is one important material in the Citric Acid Cycle? | Vitamin C. |
| How much ATP is produced in fermentation? | Zero! |
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